Deep learning prediction of error and skill in robotic prostatectomy suturing.

Background: Manual objective assessment of skill and errors in minimally invasive surgery have been validated with correlation to surgical expertise and patient outcomes. However, assessment and error annotation can be subjective and are time-consuming processes, often precluding their use. Recent years have seen the development of artificial intelligence models to work towards automating the process to allow reduction of errors and truly objective assessment.

Monetary policy impact on sustainability: Analyzing interest rates and corporate carbon emissions.

This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary policy on firms' carbon emissions. The primary focus is on the effect of increasing interest rates on the carbon footprint of companies, both prior to and following the implementation of the Paris Agreement in 2015. The results show that there is a positive relationship between interest rates and carbon emissions indicating that in the face of increasing interest rates, companies are more likely to choose short-term financial stability above long-term sustainability objectives.

Omadacycline is active and against ciprofloxacin-resistant .

, the causative agent of anthrax, is among the most likely bacterial pathogens to be used in a biological attack. Inhalation anthrax is a serious, life-threatening form of infection, and the mortality from acute inhaled anthrax can approach 100% if not treated early and aggressively. Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotics indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) or treatment of anthrax are limited.

Analyzing the effects of climate risk on discouraged borrowers: Deciphering the contradictory forces.

We examine the impact of climate risk on discouraged borrowers among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the eurozone, using a unique European Central Bank dataset focusing on the demand side of credit markets. We argue that two opposing channels may exist in this relationship: Either climate risk has a negative effect stemming from increased demand for sustainable or climate-resilient projects that enhance creditworthiness, or climate risk has a positive effect arising from heightened climate uncertainty and risk aversion, leading to credit self-rationing among SMEs. Our findings reveal that heightened climate risk prompts SMEs to self-ration credit, leading to higher probabilities of discouraged borrowers.

Teaching Green Chemistry and Engineering through the Epoxidation of Poly-β-myrcene.

This study explores the application of the epoxidation process of poly-β-myrcene, a constituent of the natural resin from Chios Mastic trees (Pistacia Lentiscus L.), as an educational instrument for teaching Green Chemistry and Engineering to students at various academic levels. The study provides a comprehensive presentation of foundational knowledge essential for interpreting the subsequent experimental data.

Metabolic priming by multiple enzyme systems supports glycolysis, HIF1α stabilisation, and human cancer cell survival in early hypoxia.

Adaptation to chronic hypoxia occurs through changes in protein expression, which are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and are necessary for cancer cell survival. However, the mechanisms that enable cancer cells to adapt in early hypoxia, before the HIF1α-mediated transcription programme is fully established, remain poorly understood. Here we show in human breast cancer cells, that within 3 h of hypoxia exposure, glycolytic flux increases in a HIF1α-independent manner but is limited by NAD availability.

Vesical fungal bezoars on post-TURBT scar tissue causing obstruction and mimicking urothelial carcinoma.

Fungal bezoars (fungal balls) are rarely reported in the upper or lower urinary tract. They can be the cause of severe morbidities such as urinary tract obstruction, renal failure and fungaemia. Hereby, we present a rare case of a male patient who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and during his postoperative period, he was diagnosed with bladder fungal bezoars adherent to his resection area.

A Deep Learning Approach to Classify Surgical Skill in Microsurgery Using Force Data from a Novel Sensorised Surgical Glove.

Microsurgery serves as the foundation for numerous operative procedures. Given its highly technical nature, the assessment of surgical skill becomes an essential component of clinical practice and microsurgery education. The interaction forces between surgical tools and tissues play a pivotal role in surgical success, making them a valuable indicator of surgical skill.

Evaluation of objective tools and artificial intelligence in robotic surgery technical skills assessment: a systematic review.

Background: There is a need to standardize training in robotic surgery, including objective assessment for accreditation. This systematic review aimed to identify objective tools for technical skills assessment, providing evaluation statuses to guide research and inform implementation into training curricula.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Evaluation of omadacycline against intracellular in an infection model in human macrophages.

Background: Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic in the tetracycline class that was approved by the US FDA in 2018 for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It is available in both IV and oral formulations. Omadacycline has broad-spectrum activity and clinical efficacy against infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.

Systematic diet composition swap in a mouse genome-scale metabolic model reveals determinants of obesogenic diet metabolism in liver cancer.

Dietary nutrient availability and gene expression, together, influence tissue metabolic activity. Here, we explore whether altering dietary nutrient composition in the context of mouse liver cancer suffices to overcome chronic gene expression changes that arise from tumorigenesis and western-style diet (WD). We construct a mouse genome-scale metabolic model and estimate metabolic fluxes in liver tumors and non-tumoral tissue after computationally varying the composition of input diet.

Constructing a positive sentiment index for COVID-19: Evidence from G20 stock markets.

The present study investigates the degree of market responses through the scope of investors' sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic across G20 markets by constructing a novel positive search volume index for COVID-19 (COVID19). Our key findings, obtained using a Panel-GARCH model, indicate that an increased COVID19 index suggests that investors decrease their COVID-19 related crisis sentiment by escalating their Google searches for positively associated COVID-19 related keywords. Specifically, we explore the predictive power of the newly constructed index on stock returns and volatility.

Mixtures of genotypes increase disease resistance in a coral nursery.

Marine infectious diseases are a leading cause of population declines globally due, in large part, to challenges in diagnosis and limited treatment options. Mitigating disease spread is particularly important for species targeted for conservation. In some systems, strategic arrangement of organisms in space can constrain disease outbreaks, however, this approach has not been used in marine restoration.

MOG analogues to explore the MCT2 pharmacophore, α-ketoglutarate biology and cellular effects of N-oxalylglycine.

α-ketoglutarate (αKG) is a central metabolic node with a broad influence on cellular physiology. The αKG analogue N-oxalylglycine (NOG) and its membrane-permeable pro-drug derivative dimethyl-oxalylglycine (DMOG) have been extensively used as tools to study prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and other αKG-dependent processes. In cell culture media, DMOG is rapidly converted to MOG, which enters cells through monocarboxylate transporter MCT2, leading to intracellular NOG concentrations that are sufficiently high to inhibit glutaminolysis enzymes and cause cytotoxicity.

Pathogens susceptible to tetracycline are also susceptible to omadacycline: tetracycline as a one-sided surrogate to predict omadacycline susceptible pathogens.

This study used surveillance data from a global program of clinical bacterial isolates to determine whether a tetracycline susceptible result can be used to predict an omadacycline susceptible result. Categorical agreement, very major error rates, and minor error rates were calculated for Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA; n=38,364), S. lugdunensis (n=335), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=11,725), S.

Poorly differentiated muscle-invasive giant cell tumor of the bladder leads to unfavorable clinical outcome.

Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a common clinical entity. Recently, researchers focused on the emerging clinical significance of histologic variants, because they may need special therapy and their prognosis differs. Hereby, we describe a case of a giant cell osteoclast-like urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Renin-Angiotensin System Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), besides being a major regulator of blood pressure, is also involved in tumor angiogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the use of pharmacologic RAS inhibitors and a delay in urothelial bladder cancer (BC) progression. However, it is unknown whether RAS gene variants may predispose to the development of BC.

Fibrometabolism-An emerging therapeutic frontier in pulmonary fibrosis.

Fibrosis is the final pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in many common and chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, and metabolic diseases. Despite the growing incidence of fibrotic diseases and extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of effective therapies that improve survival. The application of omics technologies has revolutionized our approach to identifying previously unknown therapeutic targets and potential disease biomarkers.

Author Correction: MCT2 mediates concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamine metabolism by MOG.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

IMP dehydrogenase-2 drives aberrant nucleolar activity and promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma.

In many cancers, high proliferation rates correlate with elevation of rRNA and tRNA levels, and nucleolar hypertrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms linking increased nucleolar transcription and tumorigenesis are only minimally understood. Here we show that IMP dehydrogenase-2 (IMPDH2), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, is overexpressed in the highly lethal brain cancer glioblastoma.

Functional cross-talk between allosteric effects of activating and inhibiting ligands underlies PKM2 regulation.

Several enzymes can simultaneously interact with multiple intracellular metabolites, however, how the allosteric effects of distinct ligands are integrated to coordinately control enzymatic activity remains poorly understood. We addressed this question using, as a model system, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). We show that the PKM2 activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) alone promotes tetramerisation and increases PKM2 activity, but addition of the inhibitor L-phenylalanine (Phe) prevents maximal activation of FBP-bound PKM2 tetramers.

Hypoxia-induced switch in SNAT2/SLC38A2 regulation generates endocrine resistance in breast cancer.

Tumor hypoxia is associated with poor patient outcomes in estrogen receptor-α-positive (ERα) breast cancer. Hypoxia is known to affect tumor growth by reprogramming metabolism and regulating amino acid (AA) uptake. Here, we show that the glutamine transporter, SNAT2, is the AA transporter most frequently induced by hypoxia in breast cancer, and is regulated by hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo in xenografts.

mTORC1 amplifies the ATF4-dependent de novo serine-glycine pathway to supply glycine during TGF-β-induced collagen biosynthesis.

The differentiation of fibroblasts into a transient population of highly activated, extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts at sites of tissue injury is critical for normal tissue repair. Excessive myofibroblast accumulation and persistence, often as a result of a failure to undergo apoptosis when tissue repair is complete, lead to pathological fibrosis and are also features of the stromal response in cancer. Myofibroblast differentiation is accompanied by changes in cellular metabolism, including increased glycolysis, to meet the biosynthetic demands of enhanced ECM production.