Repeat Closed-Head Injury in Male Rats Impairs Attention but Causes Heterogeneous Outcomes in Multiple Measures of Impulsivity and Glial Pathology.

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, can lead to the development of long-term psychiatric impairments. However, modeling these deficits is challenging in animal models and necessitates sophisticated behavioral approaches. The current set of studies were designed to evaluate whether a rubberized versus metal impact tip would cause functional deficits, the number of injuries required to generate such deficits, and whether different psychiatric domains would be affected.