Review of the target trial methodological approach on treatment effect estimates in kidney failure: protocol for a systematic assessment.

Background: Patients with kidney failure often lack robust evidence because they are excluded from randomized trials. Trial emulation provides an alternative approach to derive treatment effect estimates when randomized trials cannot be conducted. Critical questions about the comparative efficacy and safety of interventions in kidney failure are now being answered using this approach or parts of it.

Breakage and detachment of the rigid cystoscope's distal tip: an unusual case of urological instrument malfunction.

Herein, we describe an unusual case of cystoscope damage during a planned laser cystolithotripsy in a 65-year-old male with a previous history of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and subsequent serial urethral dilations for bladder neck contracture. Upon crossing the penile urethra without exerting significant pressure, we noticed the cystoscope's distal metallic tip detachment. Therefore, we re-introduced another 22Fr cystoscope and removed the broken part with alligator forceps.

DNA Methylation as Drug Sensitivity Marker in RCC: A Systematic Review.

Patient response after treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) with systemic agents, which include various drug categories, is generally poor and unpredictable. In this context, the ideal drug administration includes tools to predict the sensitivity of the disease to therapy. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the reports on the predictive value of the methylation status in the systemic therapy of RCC.

Valorization of local agricultural by-products as nutritional substrates for Tenebrio molitor larvae: A sustainable approach to alternative protein production.

In pursuit of sustainable protein sources, the agricultural sector and emerging edible insect industry intersect in the valorization of agricultural by-products. Establishing a mutually beneficial relationship involves utilizing agricultural by-products as feeding substrates for insect farming, potentially enhancing the sustainability of both sectors. In the present study, by-products from beer, rice, oat, maize, sunflower, and lucerne, as well as mill residues and spent mushroom substrate from the regions of Thessaly and Central Macedonia (Greece) were investigated as nutritional sources for the larvae of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor).

The 'Mini-Jupette' technique for climacturia: a systematic review.

Background: The leakage of urine during sexual arousal, known as climacturia, is an under-recognized clinical condition often overshadowed by erectile dysfunction in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: This study aims to determine and evaluate the role of the Mini-Jupette technique and its alternatives in the treatment of climacturia.

Data Sources And Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews.

Transforming urinary stone disease management by artificial intelligence-based methods: A comprehensive review.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review on the existing research and evidence regarding artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the assessment and management of urinary stone disease.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications about innovative concepts or supporting applications of AI in the improvement of every medical procedure relating to stone disease. The terms ''endourology'', ''artificial intelligence'', ''machine learning'', and ''urolithiasis'' were used for searching eligible reports, while review articles, articles referring to automated procedures without AI application, and editorial comments were excluded from the final set of publications.

Overview of current pharmacotherapeutic options in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents the histological entity of prostate cell proliferation, which inflicts a gradually increasing obstruction of the bladder outlet and is accompanied by a progressing manifestation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). BPH management algorithm includes conservative measures, pharmaceutical agents, and surgical procedures.

Areas Covered: A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications written in English, analyzing BPH pharmaceutical treatment.

Jackstone: A Calculus "Toy" in the Bladder. A Case Report of Rare Entity and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Background: An uncommon type of urinary calculus, Jackstone was named after its distinct resemblance to the children's game "Jacks." It typically involves the bladder and, to a lesser extent, the upper urinary tract.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of Jackstone vesical calculus in a 75-year-old male undergoing elective open prostate surgery for benign prostate hyperplasia refractory to medical treatment.

Methylation of PCDH17 and NEFH as prognostic biomarker for nonmetastatic RCC: A cohort study.

DNA methylation makes up a main part of the molecular mechanism of cancer evolution and has shown promising results in the prognosis of renal cell cancer (RCC). In this study, we investigated the possible association of promoter methylation of PCDH17, NEFH, RASSF1A, and FHIT, genes with the prognosis of nonmetastatic RCC patients. Cancerous and normal adjacent tissues from surgical specimens of 41 patients with long follow-up were treated for DNA isolation and bisulfite conversion.

En bloc resection, is this the future of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer management? Presentation of our technique and brief review of the literature.

Introduction: The quality of the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) plays a key role in accurate local staging thus affecting treatment decision-making and disease prognosis. TURBT is still the gold standard for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, en bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) gradually expanded as a promising alternative to TURBT, aiming to overcome certain inherent limitations of conventional resection.

Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the management of renal stones over 2 cm: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPCNL) is recommended for renal stones over 2 cm. Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) has also emerged as a promising technique in this setting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the safety and efficacy of sPCNL to mPCNL for the management of renal stones over 2cm.

Simultaneous Proximal Median and Ulnar Neuropathy: A Rare Complication of 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring with Unexpected Neurophysiological Findings.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a non-invasive method of obtaining brachial artery pressure assessment over 24 hours while patients undergo normal daily activities. Side effects, such as peripheral petechiae, limb edema, and sleep disturbance, are usually mild and reversible. A 67-year-old male presented with excruciating left hand pain and weakness on waking up from night sleep, having worn a cuff on his left arm for a whole day in the context of 24-hour ABPM.

Synchronous bilateral testicular cancer with discordant histopathology occurring in a 20-year-old patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Bilateral testicular tumors are very rare, accounting for 1%-5% of all testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCTs). The vast majority of primary bilateral TGCTs are metachronous, with synchronous tumors comprising approximately 0.5%-1% of all cases.

Micro-Ultrasound-Guided vs Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy in the Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Micro-ultrasound is a novel high resolution ultrasound technology aiming to improve prostate imaging and, consequently, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Micro-ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy may present comparable detection rates to the standard of care multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-targeted prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. We aimed to compare the detection rate of micro-ultrasound vs multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-targeted prostate biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis.

Dynamical Complexity of the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Magnetic Storm at Swarm Altitudes Using Entropy Measures.

The continuously expanding toolbox of nonlinear time series analysis techniques has recently highlighted the importance of dynamical complexity to understand the behavior of the complex solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling system and its components. Here, we apply new such approaches, mainly a series of entropy methods to the time series of the Earth's magnetic field measured by the Swarm constellation. We show successful applications of methods, originated from information theory, to quantitatively study complexity in the dynamical response of the topside ionosphere, at Swarm altitudes, focusing on the most intense magnetic storm of solar cycle 24, that is, the St.

Evaluating the usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to ESWL in patients with sterile urine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) on asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with sterile urine undergoing ESWL.

Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Registry were searched systematically for randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of AP in patients with sterile urine undergoing SWL up to May 2020. Risk ratios were used to compare dichotomous outcomes.

Are endourological procedures for nephrolithiasis treatment associated with renal injury? A review of potential mechanisms and novel diagnostic indexes.

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urological conditions with a huge socio-economic impact. About 50% of recurrent stone-formers have just one lifetime recurrence and >10% of patients present with a high recurrent disease requiring subsequent and sometimes multiple surgical interventions. The advent of new technology has made endourological procedures the pinnacle of stone treatment, including procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery and miniaturized PCNL procedures.

Occult tethered cord syndrome: a reversible cause of paraparesis not to be missed.

A 15-year-old female former gymnast with a history of pectus excavatum was reviewed due to unexplained paraparesis and urinary incontinence since age 10. Symptoms were commenced with intolerable upper back pain and development of a soft mass at the sacrum that remitted spontaneously. Brain and whole spine MRI imaging and blood and CSF testing were normal.

Solar energetic particles in the inner heliosphere: status and open questions.

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are related to both solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and they present energy spectra that span from a few keV up to several GeV. A wealth of observations from widely distributed spacecraft have revealed that SEPs fill very broad regions of the heliosphere, often all around the Sun. High-energy SEPs can sometimes be energetic enough to penetrate all the way down to the surface of the Earth and thus be recorded on the ground as ground level enhancements (GLEs).

Sources of solar energetic particles.

Solar energetic particles are an integral part of the physical processes related with space weather. We present a review for the acceleration mechanisms related to the explosive phenomena (flares and/or coronal mass ejections, CMEs) inside the solar corona. For more than 40 years, the main two-dimensional cartoon representing our understanding of the explosive phenomena inside the solar corona remained almost unchanged.

Complications of prostate biopsy.

Biopsy of the prostate is a common procedure with minor complications that are usually self-limited. However, if one considers that millions of men undergo biopsy worldwide, one realizes that although complication rate is low, the number of patients suffering from biopsy complications should not be underestimated and can be a clinically relevant problem for healthcare professionals. In this review, the authors present diagnosis and management of postbiopsy of prostate complications.