Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix in Children and Adolescents: A Clinicopathologic Study.

Background And Aims: Pediatric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the GI tract are rare and appendiceal NET are typically incidental. Few studies have been done in the pediatric population and practice guidelines are mainly based on adult data. There are currently no diagnostic studies specific for NET.

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Müllerian Outflow Tract Obstruction Associated with Cloacal Malformation and Cloacal Exstrophy.

People with cloacal malformation and 46,XX cloacal exstrophy are at risk of developing Müllerian outflow tract obstruction (OTO). Management of OTO requires expertise of many medical and surgical specialties. The primary presenting symptom associated with OTO is cyclical and later continuous pain and can be initially quelled with hormonal suppression as a temporizing measure to allow for patient maturation.

Distal Vaginal Atresia with Spontaneous Perforation: A Case Report.

Background: The definitive treatment of distal vaginal atresia is surgery, but menstrual suppression is often helpful for initial management.

Case: A 13-year-old presented with primary amenorrhea and progressive abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with distal vaginal atresia and started on hormonal suppression.

Spectrum of Syndromic Disorders Associated with Pediatric Tumors: Evolving Role of Practical Imaging Assessment.

Although pediatric tumors are largely sporadic in cause, continued advancements in science have elucidated a growing body of tumors that are associated with syndromes. Early identification of these syndromic disorders associated with developing tumors can alter the course of disease and potentially save lives. Medical imaging has a pivotal role in screening surveillance, diagnosis, and management of these tumors.

Pediatric Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Practical Imaging Approach.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review some of the common indications for pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound examination, with emphasis given to imaging technique, normal anatomy, and the spectrum of pathologic findings seen in the pediatric population.

Conclusion: Ultrasound is an essential first-line tool in pediatric musculoskeletal imaging. It aids in determining which patients may benefit from further imaging, including radiography, CT, and MRI.

Pediatric Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Current Indications, Techniques, and Imaging Findings.

The anatomy, normal postoperative radiological appearance, and imaging features of common postoperative complications of pediatric abdominal transplants are reviewed, including renal, liver, and intestinal transplants. Doppler ultrasound is the mainstay of imaging after transplantation. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography, MR imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, MR cholangiopancreatography, conventional angiography, and nuclear medicine imaging may be used for problem-solving in pediatric transplant patients.

Radiologic Professionalism in Modern Health Care.

Modern radiology is at the forefront of technological progress in medicine, a position that often places unique challenges on its professional character. This article uses "Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter," a document published in 2002 and endorsed by several major radiology organizations, as a lens for exploring professional challenges in modern radiology. The three main tenets of the Charter emphasize patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the reduction of disparities in health care distribution.

Imaging findings in children with proliferative disorders following multivisceral transplantation.

Background: Multivisceral transplantation represents an important treatment option for children with intestinal failure. The attendant immunosuppression can lead to a spectrum of cellular proliferations including benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders, many related to cellular dysregulation from Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates of post-transplantation proliferative disorders among children with multivisceral transplantation and to characterize the imaging and pathological features of these disorders.

Pediatric abdominal pain: use of imaging in the emergency department in the United States from 1999 to 2007.

Purpose: To evaluate use of imaging in children with acute abdominal pain who present to U.S. emergency departments (EDs).

Prevalence of malignancy in thyroid nodules with an initial nondiagnostic result after ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration.

The objective of this study was to determine the rate of malignancy in thyroid nodules with an initial nondiagnostic fine needle aspiration. From October 2001 to April 2007, biopsies were performed on 1344 thyroid nodules in our practice. Biopsies were performed on nodules using 25-27 gauge needles, ultrasound guidance and multiple passes using both suction and capillary action.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the esophagus in a pediatric patient.

We report a 3-year-old boy who initially presented with abdominal pain and was subsequently found to have an esophageal perforation. The child did not respond to conservative management, and subsequent lymphadenopathy led to a lymph node biopsy demonstrating an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Esophageal perforation and thickening is most commonly seen in children with a history of esophageal intervention or foreign body/caustic ingestion.

Accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for assessment of pediatric musculoskeletal lesions.

Background: CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy has been shown in adults to be an effective diagnostic tool for a large number of musculoskeletal malignancies.

Objective: To characterize our experience with CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pediatric bone lesions and determine its utility in diagnosing pediatric osseous lesions, in a population where such lesions are commonly benign.

Materials And Methods: From 2000 to 2009, 61 children underwent 63 CT-guided percutaneous biopsies.

Validation of US as a first-line diagnostic test for assessment of pediatric ileocolic intussusception.

Background: From the early 1980s onward, US has been considered a possible primary modality to assess patients for ileocolic intussusception. Since 2001, our institution has routinely used US to assess patients for ileocolic intussusception.

Objective: We analyzed 7 years of institutional experience to assess the value of US as a primary diagnostic test for intussusception.