Clarification of the diagnosis of the genus Loxosoma s.l. (Entoprocta; Loxosomatidae) based on morphological and molecular data.

Loxosomatidae are solitary entoprocts associated with various types of invertebrate hosts. Two genera are distinguished in the family Loxosomatidae, Loxosomella and Loxosoma, that have clear morphological differences in the attachment structures. Loxosoma attaches to the substratum by a muscular sucking pedal disk, which allows moving.

New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India.

The solitary entoproct species, Loxosomella diopatricola is recorded from the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India. The species was found on the eunicid polychaete Diopatra sp. collected from depth of 15 m.

The neuroanatomy of (Entoprocta, Coloniales) reveals significant differences between bryozoan and entoproct nervous systems.

Background: Entoprocta affinities within Lophotrochozoa remain unclear. In different studies, entoprocts are considered to be related to different groups, including Cycliophora, Bryozoa, Annelida, and Mollusca. The use of modern methods to study the neuroanatomy of Entoprocta should provide new information that may be useful for phylogenetic analysis.

A new species of Coriella, Coriella chernyshevi n. sp. (Entoprocta, Barentsiidae), with comments on the genera Coriella and Pedicellinopsis.

Here we describe a new species of colonial entoproct Coriella chernyshevi n. sp. from the Sea of Okhotsk, western Pacific Ocean, found at depths of 305-624 m.

Emschermannia ramificata-a new genus and species of solitary entoproct from the Kara Sea, Russia.

A new genus and species of solitary entoproct, Emschermannia ramificata, is described from the Kara Sea. It is an epibiont of the nephtyid polychaete Aglaophamus malmgreni, collected from 25-472 m depth. The species is about 250-300 μm long, with 8-10 tentacles, and buds are formed from a frontal area of the calyx.