Bilateral pulmonary artery banding in higher risk neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objectives: Limited data on performing bilateral pulmonary artery banding (BPAB) before stage 1 Norwood procedure suggest that some patients may benefit through the postponement of the major cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BPAB in the surgical management of high-risk patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).

Methods: A retrospective review of all high-risk neonates with HLHS who underwent BPAB at our institution was performed.

Isolated ostial left main coronary artery stenosis causing ischemic cardiomyopathy in a child with bicuspid aortic valve: Role of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac defect, commonly associated with valve dysfunction and coarctation of aorta. Rarely, BAV can be associated with abnormalities of the coronary arteries, the most common of which are ectopic coronary origins. In this report, we present a case of a 2-year-old child with BAV, without coexisting supravalvular aortic stenosis, who was found to have a left main coronary ostio-proximal stenosis, leading to ischemic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.

Spontaneous thrombus formation in native aortic root in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes.

We report a neonate who presented with spontaneous thrombus formation in the native aortic root after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Thrombus formation led to myocardial ischaemia due to decreased coronary blood flow with electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia and elevated cardiac enzymes. Aggressive thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy were major contributors to successful outcome.

Pediatric Ureteral Stent Placement to Manage Right Kidney Hemorrhage Following Coarctation Angioplasty.

This is the first case report of a catastrophic renal bleeding into the renal collecting system causing hemorrhagic shock in a child after a cardiac catheterization. In this case report, we discuss how we used nontraditional means of endourologic intervention in treating our hemodynamically unstable patient resulting in saving the patient's life and kidney.

Percutaneous stent implantation into coronary arteries in infants.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility, procedural techniques, safety, and overall potential of percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stent implantation in infants with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Despite extensive experience in adult patients, percutaneous coronary intervention remains uncommon in children and extremely rare in infants.

Methods: Retrospective review including all children who underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty in Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego during a period of 4 years.