Effectiveness of Inhalational Tranexamic Acid in Patients with Nonmassive Hemoptysis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Hemoptysis, the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, varies in severity and necessitates effective management to mitigate morbidity. Traditional treatments include bronchial artery embolization and pharmacological approaches. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent known for its efficacy in reducing bleeding during surgery and trauma, is being explored for its efficacy in treating Hemoptysis via both intravenous and inhalational routes.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Using Ultrasonography for Raised Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Patients - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Detecting increased intracranial pressure early in pediatric patients is essential, as early initiation of therapy prevents morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured via ultrasound for the prediction of increased intracranial pressure.

Methods: Four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL, were searched for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Paediatric parapharyngeal ganglioneuroma.

A 17-year-old man initially presented to his primary care physician with throat pain for 1 week and was started on amoxicillin. After four additional days of ongoing pain and difficulty swallowing with decreased oral intake, he presented to the emergency department. Exam showed fullness to the right posterior oropharynx and palpable mass in the right neck without stridor.

Acute Appendicitis in Young Children: A Persistent Diagnostic Challenge for Clinicians.

Acute appendicitis is a grave and life-threatening condition in children, accounting for one to two cases per 10,000 in children less than four years' old. Prompt diagnosis and management are imperative to prevent serious complications, such as abscess formation, perforation, bowel obstruction, peritonitis, and sepsis. In young children, however, the diagnosis of this condition is challenging.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following Influenza A pneumonia.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system and can present following influenza A infections as multifocal neurological deficits. ADEM remains a challenging diagnosis, and high clinical suspicious coupled with laboratory investigations and neuroimaging is required to exclude other primary and secondary demyelinating disorders.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) with osteosarcoma due to mutation.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with clinical features consisting of poikiloderma, skeletal abnormalities, sparse hair, absent or scanty eyelashes and eyebrows and short stature. Patients with RTS due to genetic mutations of genes carry a high risk of developing osteosarcoma during childhood. Because of this, early genetic diagnosis is important.

The relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis in the Iraqi population.

Background: Recently, extensive research has established that epidemiologic and therapeutic links exist between allergic rhinitis and asthma. The objective of this study was to clarify this association in Iraq.

Methods: The data included in this study were collected from five surveys for asthma and allergic rhinitis that were performed during the period from September 2000 to July 2008.