Engineered Drug-Amphiphile Conjugate Nanoparticles for Targeted Inhibition of AQP4-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins that transport water, small solutes, and molecules across cell membranes. Studies have reported the role of AQPs in the activation, migration, and proliferation of immune cells, thus modulating the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. In joints, the enhanced AQP4 expression exaggerates pathological changes like hydrarthrosis, acidosis, and hyperosmotic stress-inducing dysfunction of the articular chondrocytes, leading to articular cartilage destruction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Lipid-based nanoparticles: innovations in ocular drug delivery.

Ocular drug delivery presents significant challenges due to intricate anatomy and the various barriers (corneal, tear, conjunctival, blood-aqueous, blood-retinal, and degradative enzymes) within the eye. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising carriers for ocular drug delivery due to their ability to enhance drug solubility, improve bioavailability, and provide sustained release. LNPs, particularly solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and cationic nanostructured lipid carriers (CNLCs), have emerged as promising solutions for enhancing ocular drug delivery.

Sinapic acid-pullulan based inflammation responsive nanomicelles for the local treatment of experimental inflammatory arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of joints. It is one of the major causes of disability and morbidity worldwide. Administration of conventional drugs through the systemic route restricts the bioavailability of drugs, systemic toxicity, and reduced efficacy.

Leveraging thiol-functionalized biomucoadhesive hybrid nanoliposome for local therapy of ulcerative colitis.

Directly administering medication to inflamed intestinal sites for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), poses significant challenges like retention time, absorption variability, side effects, drug stability, and non-specific delivery. Recent advancements in therapy to treat colitis aim to improve local drug availability that is enema therapy at the site of inflammation, thereby reducing systemic adverse effects. Nevertheless, a key limitation lies in enemas' inability to sustain medication in the colon due to rapid peristaltic movement, diarrhea, and poor local adherence.

Precision Nanomedicine with Bio-Inspired Nanosystems: Recent Trends and Challenges in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Membrane-Coated Bioengineered Nanocarriers in Targeted Nanotherapeutics.

In the recent past, the formulation and development of nanocarriers has been elaborated into the broader fields and opened various avenues in their preclinical and clinical applications. In particular, the cellular membrane-based nanoformulations have been formulated to surpass and surmount the limitations and restrictions associated with naïve or free forms of therapeutic compounds and circumvent various physicochemical and immunological barriers including but not limited to systemic barriers, microenvironmental roadblocks, and other cellular or subcellular hinderances-which are quite heterogeneous throughout the diseases and patient cohorts. These limitations in drug delivery have been overcome through mesenchymal cells membrane-based precision therapeutics, where these interventions have led to the significant enhancements in therapeutic efficacies.

A bioactive and biodegradable vitamin C stearate-based injectable hydrogel alleviates experimental inflammatory arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint disorder affecting nearly 1% of the global population. In RA, synovial joints are infiltrated by inflammatory mediators and enzymes, leading to articular cartilage deterioration, joint damage, and bone erosion. Herein, the 9-aminoacridine-6--stearoyl-L-ascorbic acid hydrogel (9AA-SAA hydrogel) was formulated by the heat-cool method and further characterized for surface charge, surface morphology, rheology, and cytocompatibility.

Sophorin mitigates flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats.

Flutamide is frequently used in the management of prostate cancer, hirsutism, and acne. It is a non-steroidal anti-androgenic drug and causes hepatotoxicity. The current study's objective is to evaluate sophorin's hepatoprotective effectiveness against flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Women and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Gender-Specific Factors, Risks, and Therapeutic Approaches in Contemporary Medicine.

Background and objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute a significant global health challenge, causing millions of deaths annually and straining healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to investigate and elucidate gender-specific factors, risks, and therapeutic approaches related to cardiovascular health in women within the context of contemporary medicine. Methodology We conducted a prospective observational study spanning one year (November 2022 to October 2023) at the Peshawar Medical Complex Hospital, to meticulously explore the field of women's cardiovascular health.

Biomaterial-based combinatorial approach of aescin-comprised zein-coated gelatin nanoparticles alleviates synovial inflammation in experimental inflammatory arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mostly affects joints. Although RA therapy has made significant progress, difficulties including extensive medication metabolism and its quick clearance result in its inadequate bioavailability. The anti-inflammatory effect of zein was reported with other medications, but it has certain limitations.

The Intersection of Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Disease in Middle Eastern Patients. Analysis from the Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Study.

Background: There is a scarcity of clinical studies which evaluate the association of atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CAD on baseline clinical profiles and one-year outcomes in a Middle Eastern cohort with AF.

Methods: Consecutive AF patients evaluated in 29 hospitals and cardiology clinics were enrolled in the Jordan AF Study (May 2019-December 2020).

Oral delivery of aescin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Aim: The liver plays a crucial role in biotransformation but it is susceptible to chemical-induced damage, known as hepatotoxicity. Traditional therapies for protecting the liver face significant challenges, including poor bioavailability, off-target effects, adverse reactions, drug breakdown, and inadequate uptake. These issues emphasize the need for precise, targeted therapeutic approaches against hepatotoxicity.

Enzyme targeted delivery of sivelestat loaded nanomicelle inhibits arthritic severity in experimental arthritis.

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic inflammatory disorder mainly affects the lining of articular cartilage of synovial joints characterized by severe inflammation and joint damage. The expression of proteolytic enzymes like MMP-2 and Neutrophil Elastase (NE) worsens the RA condition. To address this concern, we have synthesized dual enzyme targeted chlorotoxin conjugated nanomicelles loaded with sivelestat as broad spectrum treatment for RA.

Superior Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Nanoaggregates of Weakly Emissive Dyes for Use in Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy.

The development of luminescent dyes based on 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) is an active research area, and a quantum yield (Φ) of 7.8% has been achieved so far in cyclohexane by appending a fluorophore. Our novel method radically refines weakly emissive 2,3-disubstituted TCBD (phenyl-TCBD ) (Φ = 2.

Clinical Profiles and One-Year Outcome in Middle Eastern Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension: Analysis From the Jordan Atrial Fibrillation Study.

Studies on the impact of hypertension (HTN) on the outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Middle East are scarce. The aim of this contemporary multicenter study is to evaluate the effect of the coexisting HTN on the baseline clinical profiles and 1-year prognosis in a cohort of Middle Eastern patients with AF. Consecutive AF patients in 29 hospitals and cardiology clinics were enrolled in the Jordan AF study (May 2019-December 2020).

α-Terpineol Mitigates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats by Attenuating Inflammation and Apoptosis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the major inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. α-Terpineol (αTL) is naturally present in several plants, and it belongs to the monoterpenes category. αTL possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiulcer activities.

Highly Biocompatible Smart Injectable Hydrogel for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely affects joints and restricts locomotion. Various treatment regimens are available for RA, providing short-term relief from pain, but long-term relief from the disease is still not available. Evidently, cytokines play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Colon-Adhering Delivery System with Inflammation Responsiveness for Localized Therapy of Experimental Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation-related disease that severely affects the colon and rectum regions. A variety of therapy regimens are used for the treatment of UC. Clinically, therapeutic enema is the choice of therapy for UC patients.

Biomarkers as Biomedical Bioindicators: Approaches and Techniques for the Detection, Analysis, and Validation of Novel Biomarkers of Diseases.

A biomarker is any measurable biological moiety that can be assessed and measured as a potential index of either normal or abnormal pathophysiology or pharmacological responses to some treatment regimen. Every tissue in the body has a distinct biomolecular make-up, which is known as its biomarkers, which possess particular features, viz., the levels or activities (the ability of a gene or protein to carry out a particular body function) of a gene, protein, or other biomolecules.

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This is a case report of a 67-year-old man with the rare autoimmune disease relapsing polychondritis. The patient was initially diagnosed by general practitioners with erysipelas around his left ear, which was found red, swollen, and painful. Due to the lack of effect from antibiotics, the patient was referred to an emergency department.

Cortisone-loaded stearoyl ascorbic acid based nanostructured lipid carriers alleviate inflammatory changes in DSS-induced colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which poorly affects the colon and spreads toward the rectum over time. Cortisone (CRT) is a corticosteroid clinically used for the management of inflammatory diseases like colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases. Due to some physicochemical properties' cortisone has limited potency in clinics.

Nanomedicine as potential cancer therapy via targeting dysregulated transcription factors.

Cancer as a disease possess quite complicated pathophysiological implications and is among the prominent causes of morbidity and mortality on global scales. Anti-cancer chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are some of the present-day conventional treatment options. However, these therapeutic paradigms own several retreats, including lack of specificity, non-targeted toxicological implications, inefficient drug delivery to targeted cells, and emergence of cancer resistance, ultimately causing ineffective cancer management.

Caffeic Acid-Conjugated Budesonide-Loaded Nanomicelle Attenuates Inflammation in Experimental Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial disease of the gastrointestinal tract which is caused due to chronic inflammation in the colon; it usually starts from the lower end of the colon and may spread to other portions of the large intestine, if left unmanaged. Budesonide (BUD) is a synthetically available second-generation corticosteroidal drug with potent local anti-inflammatory activity. The pharmacokinetic properties, such as extensive first-pass metabolism and quite limited bioavailability, reduce its therapeutic efficacy.

Nanoparticle-Mediated PRDX2 Inhibition for Specific Targeting of CHK2-Null Colorectal Cancer.

Synthetic lethality is a pragmatic targeted cancer therapy approach in which cancer cells harboring genetic alterations are exploited for the specific killing of cancer cells. Earlier, we have established a synthetic lethal (SL) interaction between two genes that are CHK2 and PRDX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The SL interaction between CHK2 and PRDX2 resulted in selective targeting of CHK2-defective CRC cells.

Precision Nanotoxicology in Drug Development: Current Trends and Challenges in Safety and Toxicity Implications of Customized Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Drug-Delivery Applications.

The dire need for the assessment of human and environmental endangerments of nanoparticulate material has motivated the formulation of novel scientific tools and techniques to detect, quantify, and characterize these nanomaterials. Several of these paradigms possess enormous possibilities for applications in many of the realms of nanotoxicology. Furthermore, in a large number of cases, the limited capabilities to assess the environmental and human toxicological outcomes of customized and tailored multifunctional nanoparticles used for drug delivery have hindered their full exploitation in preclinical and clinical settings.