Clinical Manifestations of Anti-GABA-B Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Series.

Anti γ aminobutyric acid B(GABA B) receptor encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis. Our aim is to study the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of anti GABA B receptor encephalitis. This is a retrospective case series from the Neuroimmunology laboratory of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India from 2016 to 2021.

Neurological Manifestations of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmunity in Indian Patients.

Objective: To study the neurological manifestations of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) autoimmunity in Indian patients.

Methods: Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. Patients who tested positive for GAD 65 antibodies from February 2013 to July 2019 were included.

Cerebrospinal fluid indices as predictors of treatment response in autoimmune encephalitis.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and blood-brain barrier impairment are not routinely assessed in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We aimed to study CSF indices and their association with the prognosis of AE.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, India, included 60 patients aged more than 18 years with definite/probable/possible AE admitted to the Department of Neurology from August 2016 to November 2021.

Translational Significance of GMF-β Inhibition by Indazole-4-yl-methanol in Enteric Glial Cells for Treating Multiple Sclerosis.

In the emerging context of gut-brain control of multiple sclerosis (MS), developing therapeutics targeting proinflammatory proteins controlling the gut-brain immunomodulation is welcoming. One such immunomodulator is glia maturation factor-β (GMF-β). GMF-β activation following GMF-β-ser-83 phosphorylation upregulates proinflammatory responses and exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Autoimmune parkinsonism with faciobrachiocrural dystonic seizures: a new phenotype of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmunity.

Extrapyramidal symptoms are seen in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-positive patients infrequently and this can be successfully treated with immunotherapy. This is a retrospective hospital-based study from 2013 to 2021 at a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. LGI1 antibody-positive cases with Faciobrachio-crural dystonic seizures [FBCDS] were identified by reviewing electronic medical records and Neuroimmunology laboratory register.

Prozone phenomenon observed in indirect immunofluorescence assay by antibodies against neuronal antigens.

A marked prozone effect was observed in indirect immunofluorescence with human sera and human cerebrospinal fluid in two clinical cases involving breast carcinoma with paraneoplastic neuronal antibodies, and anti- N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies. Anti-Yo antibodies and anti-NMDA antibodies were not detectable under high concentrations (1:10 serum dilution and neat CSF respectively) but showed a true effect when sufficiently diluted at 1:80 and 1:5 respectively. This paper demonstrates that prozone effects have their occurrences in indirect immunofluorescence, and clinicians and laboratory technicians should be wary of its implications during screening of autoantibody markers in neurological diseases.

Substrate Specific Inhibitor Designed against the Immunomodulator GMF-beta Reversed the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

The concept of substrate inhibition to prevent its phosphorylation has potential in drug discovery and is envisioned to treat the autoimmune disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). Glia maturation factor-β (GMF-β) Ser83 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is pivotal in the activation of GMF-β-p38MAPK-NFκB biochemical pathway towards proinflammatory response induction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using structure-based drug design, we identified the small molecule inhibitor 1-H-indazole-4yl methanol (GMFBI.

Expanding spectrum of contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) autoimmunity-syndrome of parkinsonism and ataxia.

Contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) antibodies are originally associated with Morvan's syndrome and peripheral nerve hyper excitability. Our objective was to study retrospectively the clinical spectrum of CASPR2 antibody-positive patients in our hospital. This is a retrospective observational study.

A combined approach of bedside clinical examination and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in poststroke dysphagia: A pilot study.

Background: As with most neurologic conditions, stroke involves impairment of the swallowing mechanism. This could be a spectrum of issues, the worst of which is aspiration. At the same time, the prolonged presence of a naso-gastric tube (NGT) has its own morbidity.