Incorporation of CuS nanorods in polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules improved cancer cell cytotoxicity and signal intensity in ultrasound imaging.

The fabrications of hollow microcapsules (MCs) with new architecture and ability to incorporate different nanomaterials have received great interest for targeted cancer therapy. Recently, CuS based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to possess the ability to mimic Fenton-like activity in tumor environment and inducing cancer cell apoptosis by generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we have developed poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH)/dextran sulfate (DS) polyelectrolyte MCs capable of carrying doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted cancer therapy and ultrasound imaging.

Echogenic Gold Nanorod Incorporated Hybrid Poly(2-oxazoline) Nanocapsules for Real-Time Ultrasound/Fluorescent Imaging and Targeted Cancer Theranostics.

In recent years, various nanocarrier systems have been explored to enhance the targeting of cancer cells by improving the ligand-receptor interactions between the nanocarrier and cancer cells for selective cancer cell imaging and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Herein, we report multifunctional hydrogen-bonded multilayer nanocapsules functionalized with both folic acid-derived quantum dots (FAQDs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) for targeted cancer therapy and cancer cell imaging using fluorescence microscopy and medical-range ultrasound imaging systems. The encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules was found to be 49% for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Protonated CN Nanosheets for Enhanced Energy Storage in Symmetric Supercapacitors through Hydrochloric Acid Treatment.

Next-generation electrochemical energy storage materials are essential in delivering high power for long periods of time. Double-layer carbonaceous materials provide high power density with low energy density due to surface-controlled adsorption. This limitation can be overcome by developing a low-cost, more abundant material that delivers high energy and power density.

Co-encapsulation and release of apigenin and ascorbic acid in polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules for targeted polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is linked to hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress. Our study investigates the regenerative potential of apigenin (AP, hydrophobic) and ascorbic acid (AC, hydrophilic) encapsulated within poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and dextran sulfate (PAH/DS) hollow microcapsules for PCOS. These microcapsules, constructed using a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, are found to be 4 ± 0.

Rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of oxidized form of glutathione in whole blood samples using Bi-metallic nanocomposites.

We report a facile one-pot synthesis of bimetallic nickel-gold (Ni-Au) nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by electrochemical deposition on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The electrodeposition of Ni-Au nanocomposite on FTO was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized for the electrochemical characterization of glutathione reductase (GR)/Ni-Au/FTO working electrode at each stage of modification.

Unprecedented Multifunctionality in Novel Monophase Micro/Nanostructured Ti-Zn Alloy.

It is always challenging to integrate multiple functions into one material system. However, those materials/devices will address society's critical global challenges and technological demands if achieved with innovative design strategies and engineering. Here, one such material with a broader spectrum of desired properties appropriate for seven applications is identified and explored, and a glucose-sensing-triggered energy-storage mechanism is demonstrated.

Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles for selective dual detection of glutathione and dopamine using N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine mediated colorimetric probe.

We report a simple and easy method to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and demonstrate its potential for the detection of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) via colorimetric assay. The Ag NPs were found to be monodispersed and spherical with a size of 5 ± 2 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations revealed the formation of crystalline Ag NPs.

Lysozyme microspheres incorporated with anisotropic gold nanorods for ultrasound activated drug delivery.

We report on the fabrication of lysozyme microspheres (LyMs) incorporated with gold nanorods (NRs) as a distinctive approach for the encapsulation and release of an anticancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). LyMs with an average size of 4.0 ± 1.

Controlled decoration of nanoceria on the surface of MoSnanoflowers to improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility inmodel.

In recent years, nanozymes based on two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been receiving great interest for cancer photothermal therapy. 2D materials decorated with nanoparticles (NPs) on their surface are advantageous over conventional NPs and 2D material based systems because of their ability to synergistically improve the unique properties of both NPs and 2D materials. In this work, we report a nanozyme based on flower-like MoSnanoflakes (NFs) by decorating their flower petals with NCeOusing polyethylenimine (PEI) as a linker molecule.

Tannic Acid-Stabilized Self-Degrading Temperature-Sensitive Poly(2--propyl-2-oxazoline)/Gellan Gum Capsules for Lipase Delivery.

In recent years, stable hydrogen-bonded stimuli-responsive polymer capsules have been receiving great interest for the encapsulation and release of sensitive molecules such as lipase enzymes. Compartmental capsules having a liquid gel core stabilized with temperature-responsive hydrogen-bonded multilayers are advantageous over other conventional systems because of their ability to maintain hydrophilic lipase and other hydrophobic compounds in compatible protected molecular vehicle environments and prolong their native properties, e.g.

COVID-19: A review of newly formed viral clades, pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies and current vaccination tasks.

Today, the world population is facing an existential threat by an invisible enemy known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) or COVID-19. It is highly contagious and has infected a larger fraction of human population across the globe on various routes of transmission. The detailed knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and clinical aspects offers an important insight into the evolution of infection, disease progression and helps in executing the different therapies effectively.

Synthesis and characterization of MXene (TiCT)/Iron oxide composite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Due to the widespread usage of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in various consumer and industrial products (Examples: fuel cells and antibacterial agents), it became important to accurately detect HO concentration in environmental, medical and food samples. Herein, titanium carbide TiCT (MXene) was synthesized by using Ti, Al and C powders at high-temperature. Then, nanocrystalline iron oxide (α-FeO) was obtained from a single solid-phase method.

Multilayer capsules encapsulating nimbin and doxorubicin for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy.

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) microcapsules were designed to incorporate gold nanorods (NRs) and co-encapsulate and release two drugs for cancer therapy. Calcium carbonate (CaCO) microparticles modified with preformed NRs were used as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of hollow PAH/PMA/NR capsules incorporated with NRs. The hollow capsules were found to be 4.

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery.

Multilayer capsules have been of great interest for scientists and medical communities in multidisciplinary fields of research, such as drug delivery, sensing, biomedicine, theranostics and gene therapy. The most essential attributes of a drug delivery system are considered to be multi-functionality and stimuli responsiveness against a range of external and internal stimuli. Apart from the highly explored strong polyelectrolytes, weak polyelectrolytes offer great versatility with a highly controllable architecture, unique stimuli responsiveness and easy tuning of the properties for intracellular delivery of cargo.

Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayer Thin Films and Capsules Based on Poly(2--propyl-2-oxazoline) and Tannic Acid: Investigation on Intermolecular Forces, Stability, and Permeability.

In recent years, hydrogen-bonded multilayer thin films and capsules based on neutral and nontoxic building blocks have been receiving interest for the design of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and for the preparation of thin-film coatings. Capsule systems made of tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, as a hydrogen bonding donor and poly(2--propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPropOx), a polymer with lower critical solution temperature around 25 °C, as a hydrogen bonding acceptor are advantageous over other conventional hydrogen-bonded systems because of their high stability in physiological pH range, biocompatibility, good renal clearance, stealth behavior, and stimuli responsiveness for temperature and pH. In this work, investigations on the interactive forces in TA/PnPropOx capsule formation, film thickness, stability, and permeability are reported.

Reusable Hollow Polymer Microreactors Incorporated with Anisotropic Nanoparticles for Catalysis Application.

We report a methodology to encapsulate gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold bipyramids (AuBPs) into polyelectrolyte capsules for catalytic application. Microreactors (capsules with encapsulated NRs or BPs) were fabricated by sequential deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and dextran sulfate on modified sacrificial template, followed by core dissolution. AuNRs and AuBPs of size 25-30 nm were successfully encapsulated in the fabricated polyelectrolyte capsules and were stable and distributed uniformly in the interior.

Synthesis of Positively and Negatively Charged CeO Nanoparticles: Investigation of the Role of Surface Charge on Growth and Development of .

Monodispersed cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) with positive and negative surface potential were synthesized by co-precipitation method using hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), respectively, as precipitating agents. Synthesized NPs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Positively charged NPs of about 30 ± 10 nm in size formed within 5 h, aggregated in number, and resulted in larger-sized NPs as a function of time.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ce Sr Fe Zn O [0 ≤ ≤ 0.45] Superparamagnetic Oxide Systems and Its Magnetic, Dielectric, and Drug Delivery Properties.

In this work, we have successfully synthesized superparamagnetic nanocomposites, Ce Sr Fe Zn O (0 ≤ ≤ 0.45) (CSFZ) (TA1-TA4: = 0, 0.15, 0.

Nanoceria decorated flower-like molybdenum sulphide nanoflakes: an efficient nanozyme for tumour selective ROS generation and photo thermal therapy.

We report nanoceria (NCeO2) decorated flower-like MoS2 nanoflakes as a nanozyme for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). They exhibited enzyme-like activity for selectively killing tumor cells by ROS induction. The NCeO2 decoration significantly improved the photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) of MoS2 nanoflakes when a NCeO2 concentration of ≤0.

Two-dimensional cancer theranostic nanomaterials: Synthesis, surface functionalization and applications in photothermal therapy.

In recent years, novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of great interest for diverse potential applications such as device fabrication, energy storage, sensing and theranostics because of their superlative physical features namely, large surface area, minimal thickness, tunable composition and easier surface modification methods. Rapid exploration in design and fabrication of 2D nano-structures have opened new avenue for cancer theranostics as it can encapsulate group of cancer cells and inflict major damage with great specificity in a non-invasive manner. Among the reported 2D materials such as graphene and its derivatives, metallic compounds, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), black phosphorous and MXenes (e.

Hydrogen bonded capsules by layer-by-layer assembly of tannic acid and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) for encapsulation and release of macromolecules.

We report hydrogen bonded capsules with the built-in ability to release loaded bioactive molecules at a physiological temperature of 37 °C. The use of neutral and non-toxic building blocks such as tannic acid (TA) and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline)s (PnPropOx) as hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor results in stable hollow capsules. The temperature induced morphological changes of the shell were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope and revealed pore formation in the shell when the temperature (T) increases beyond the cloud point temperature (T) of PnPropOx.

Polyelectrolyte capsules preloaded with interconnected alginate matrix: An effective capsule system for encapsulation and release of macromolecules.

In recent years, the design of stimuli-responsive hollow polymeric capsules is of tremendous interest for the scientific community because of the broad application of these capsules in the biomedical field. The use of weak polyelectrolytes as layer components for capsule fabrication is especially interesting as it results in hollow capsules that show unique release characteristics under physiological conditions. In this work, a methodology to prepare sub-micron sized alginate doped calcium carbonate (CaCO) particles through controlled precipitation in the presence of alginate is reported.

Morin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in pancreatic beta cells.

Oxidative stress is an important factor contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In our earlier study, we demonstrated the antidiabetic efficacy of morin by regulating key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. The present study was designed to assess the antigenotoxic potential of morin in pancreatic β-cells, using the COMET assay.

Anisotropic noble metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, surface functionalization and applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery and theranostics.

Unlabelled: Anisotropic nanoparticles have fascinated scientists and engineering communities for over a century because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In recent years, continuous advances in design and fabrication of anisotropic nanoparticles have opened new avenues for application in various areas of biology, chemistry and physics. Anisotropic nanoparticles have the plasmon absorption in the visible as well as near-infrared (NIR) region, which enables them to be used for crucial applications such as biological imaging, medical diagnostics and therapy ("theranostics").

Self-degrading niosomes for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs: An efficient carrier for cancer multi-drug delivery.

In this study, we have examined the encapsulation and release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in self-degrading niosomes as a unique method for anticancer therapy. Niosomes were prepared by amphiphilic self-assembly of Tween 80 and cholesterol through film hydration method. Encapsulation studies with two active molecules curcumin and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) showed that curcumin is supposed to accumulate in the shell whereas Dox accumulates in the inner aqueous core of the niosome.