Validation of Proposed Criteria for Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Criteria for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) have been proposed, but their prognostic value beyond categorical decline in FVC remains unclear. To determine whether proposed PPF criteria predict transplant-free survival (TFS) in patients with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A retrospective, multicenter cohort analysis was performed.

Fetal origins of autism spectrum disorders: the non-associated maternal factors.

Aim: Several population-based studies have been conducted to determine whether maternal exposures are involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We review these studies and describe the factors not associated with increased risk for ASD development.

Methods: We identified studies describing associations between maternal exposures and ASD development.