Publications by authors named "Anand Rohatgi"

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux function may prevent brain amyloid beta deposition and neurodegeneration. However, the relevance of this finding has not been established in the diverse middle-aged population. We examined 1826 adults (47% Black adults) who participated in the Dallas Heart Study to determine associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) measures and brain structure and function.

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Background: Compared to normal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values, very high HDL cholesterol is associated with a higher incidence of mortality and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As such, clinical risk stratification among persons with very high HDL cholesterol is challenging.

Objectives: Among persons with very high HDL cholesterol, the purpose was to determine the prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and compare the association between traditional risk factors vs CAC for all-cause mortality and ASCVD.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the relationship between plasma proteins and stroke risk specifically in South Asian individuals, utilizing genetic data from the UK Biobank and stroke data from the GIGASTROKE consortium.
  • Using advanced statistical methods, researchers identified a potential causal link between the glycoprotein GP6 levels and the likelihood of cardioembolic stroke, showing an odds ratio indicating a significant increase in risk.
  • Findings suggest that GP6 may not have the same effect on stroke risk in European populations, highlighting the importance of genetic ancestry in biomedical research.
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Despite data suggesting that apolipoprotein B (apoB) measurement outperforms low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level measurement in predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, apoB measurement has not become widely adopted into routine clinical practice. One barrier for use of apoB measurement is lack of consistent guidance for clinicians on how to interpret and apply apoB results in clinical context. Whereas guidelines have often provided clear low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets or triggers to initiate treatment change, consistent targets for apoB are lacking.

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Background: High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) provide complementary information regarding cardiovascular disease risk. The explanation for their distinct risk profiles is incompletely understood.

Methods And Results: hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were measured in Dallas Heart Study participants.

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Background And Aims: Previous studies have derived and validated an HDL apolipoproteomic score (pCAD) that predicts coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the associations between pCAD and markers of cardiometabolic health in healthy adults are not known, nor are the effects of regular exercise on pCAD.

Methods: A total of 641 physically inactive adults free of cardiovascular disease from the HERITAGE Family Study completed 20 weeks of exercise training.

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Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is commonly characterized by its cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) and inverse association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the association of HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), HDL particle size (HDL-size), HDL-C, and cholesterol content per particle (HDL-C/HDL-P) with risk of overall heart failure (HF) and subtypes.

Methods: Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Dallas Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease studies without HF history were included.

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Objective: Aspirin has been used for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) for decades, but this indication has become controversial with recent trial data. The 2022 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provided a recommendation to consider aspirin use for primary prevention in adults 40-59 years with a 10-year ASCVD risk ≥10 % and not at increased risk of bleeding, yet population estimates for the impact of this recommendation are unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and demographics of the US population who meet eligibility criteria for aspirin under the new 2022 USPSTF guidelines.

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Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a powerful tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification. The nongated, noncontrast chest computed tomography scan (NCCT) has emerged as a source of CAC characterization with tremendous potential due to the high volume of NCCT scans. Application of incidental CAC characterization from NCCT has raised questions around score accuracy, standardization of methodology including the possibility of deep learning to automate the process, and the risk stratification potential of an NCCT-derived score.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aims to find links between new plasma biomarkers and the occurrence or progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC), which can help understand heart disease development.
  • It analyzed data from participants in the Dallas Heart Study over about 7 years, checking 31 biomarkers and their relationship with CAC changes.
  • The key finding was that soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was consistently associated with CAC changes, suggesting a link to inflammation in atherosclerosis, though further research is needed to clarify its role.
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Prior animal and cell studies have demonstrated a direct role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and exercise capacity. However, the relevance of these animal and cell investigations in humans remains unknown. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 adults (67% female, 8% Black participants, age 39 ± 15.

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High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are promising targets for predicting and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as they mediate removal of excess cholesterol from lipid-laden macrophages that accumulate in the vasculature. This functional property of HDLs, termed cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), is inversely associated with ASCVD. HDLs are compositionally diverse, associating with >250 different proteins, but their relative contribution to CEC remains poorly understood.

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Background: Childhood cancer survivors have increased risk of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated cardiovascular risks of specific lipid abnormalities among childhood cancer survivors.

Methods: Comprehensive lipid panel measurements were obtained from 4115 5-year survivors, with 3406 (mean age at evaluation = 35.

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Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration likely outperforms HDL cholesterol in predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Whether size-based HDL subspecies explain the atheroprotective associations of HDL particle concentration remains unknown. Our objective was to assess whether levels of specific size-based HDL subspecies associate with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic pooled cohort and improve risk prediction beyond traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how various circulating metabolites relate to cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which is linked to cardiovascular disease.
  • A total of 3,543 participants from the MESA study were analyzed, revealing that larger-sized VLDL and HDL particles, along with their components, showed a significant association with higher CEC.
  • Despite these associations, the ability to predict CEC using metabolite profiles was low, with race being a significant factor, as Black participants demonstrated lower CEC compared to other racial groups.
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Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are cardiac biomarkers commonly detected in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and are associated with heart failure risk.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP and evaluate the associations of these biomarkers with cardiorespiratory fitness among adults with T2D.

Methods: Participants of the HART-D (Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes) trial who were randomly assigned to one of 3 ET groups or a non-exercise control group were included.

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Background: Higher rates of dementia are reported in people with a history of coronary artery disease. Smaller hippocampal volume (HV) is a risk factor for the development of dementia.

Objective: This study assessed whether coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) are associated with HV in participants from the Dallas Heart Study, a community-based study of Dallas County, Texas, residents.

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  • This study investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and HDL cholesterol markers in a diverse group of participants from the Dallas Heart Study, focusing on its potential benefits for heart health.
  • The research finds that greater alcohol intake correlates with higher levels of HDL cholesterol markers, although lighter drinkers showed lower levels compared to moderate drinkers.
  • Despite these associations, the study concludes that it cannot determine how alcohol consumption affects the link between HDL markers and cardiovascular disease risk in this generally low-risk sample.
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Purpose Of Review: A 'proteoform' is defined as one specific protein structural form that results from the combination of allelic variation, alternative RNA splicing, and/or posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in specific locations on the amino acid backbone. Apolipoproteins A1 and A2 are highly abundant apolipoproteins that mediate HDL structure and function. ApoA1 and apoA2 are known to undergo PTMs, which results in multiple proteoforms.

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Objective: Inflammatory markers are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the ability to specifically predict myocardial infarction (MI) as well as ischemic stroke remains unknown. There has not been a direct comparison of the associations between GlycA and hsCRP and MI and ischemic stroke in a multi-ethnic pooled cohort.

Methods: Multi-center, multi-ethnic, population-based community prospective pooled cohort of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Anand Rohatgi"

  • - Anand Rohatgi's recent research focuses on cardiovascular health, particularly the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its various parameters in relation to heart disease, stroke risk, and overall cardiovascular risk in diverse populations, including South Asian individuals.
  • - His findings suggest significant associations between high-density lipoprotein functionality and brain health, as well as implications of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in risk stratification among individuals with very high HDL cholesterol levels, indicating potential need for revised clinical guidelines.
  • - Rohatgi's work also emphasizes the challenges of translating scientific evidence on biomarkers like apolipoprotein B into clinical practice, highlighting the necessity for clear targets and guidelines to enhance cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.