The Final Rule in a Bind: What We Are Learning From Suboptimal Simultaneous Heart-Kidney Outcomes and Potential Solutions to the Problem.

Background: The 2018 revision of the adult Heart Allocation Policy (aHAP) led to a notable increase in the rate of simultaneous heart-kidney transplants (SHKT) in the United States. However, this policy has faced criticism for its inability to enhance post-transplant survival rates or decrease mortality among SHKT recipients on the waitlist, although high-quality kidneys are used.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, covering 1549 SHKT cases from 2015 to 2021.

Validation of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Coding in US Claims Data.

Purpose: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune condition of the peripheral nervous system. The validity of the CIDP diagnosis code in claims data is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a validation study testing the performance of claims-based algorithms in identifying CIDP cases, using electronic health record data from the Mass General Brigham Integrated Health Care System linked with Medicare claims data from 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2020.

The prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 count in a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh, gateway to the Himalayas.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the most common serious opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. TB can occur at any time during the course of HIV infection. The estimated number of people living with HIV in India in 2019 was 23.

Evaluation of Pyrrolone-Fused Benzosuberene MK2 Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Agents for HNSCC: In Vitro Efficacy, In-Vivo Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Profiling.

MAPKAPK2/MK2 is well implicated in the progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), and potent MK2-inhibitors are required to suppress its activity. Several MK2-inhibitors have been developed in recent years to combat its effects on cancer. However, inadequate solubility, insufficient cellular permeability, systemic toxicity-mediated side effects, and low bioavailability have severely impeded the advancement of MK2-inhibitors to clinical trials.

Acute compartment syndrome due to skeletal muscle metastases from poorly differentiated upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Background: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is characterized by increased pressure within the fascial network of any muscle, leading to impaired circulation and potential myonecrosis. Very rarely, soft tissue infiltration by metastatic disease can cause localized swelling that increases intercompartmental pressures. We report an unusual case of invasive, poorly differentiated upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma presented by acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity and subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by myonecrosis-induced cast nephropathy.

Capacity Building for Dengue Prevention: A Comprehensive Training Approach in Two Medical Colleges in Puducherry, India.

Background Dengue, a neglected tropical disease, is becoming a more significant global health concern due to factors such as unplanned urbanization, poor sanitation, and improper protective measures. Dengue transmission is intricately linked to the knowledge, perspectives, and practices, and sustainable vector control activities in preventing dengue transmission. We aimed to develop a training plan and implementation strategy for Dengue Source Reduction (DSR) activities for building capacity in medical colleges in Puducherry, India, to control vectors and prevent dengue.

Examining inclusivity: the use of AI and diverse populations in health and social care: a systematic review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems are being rapidly integrated into the fields of health and social care. Although such systems can substantially improve the provision of care, diverse and marginalized populations are often incorrectly or insufficiently represented within these systems. This review aims to assess the influence of AI on health and social care among these populations, particularly with regard to issues related to inclusivity and regulatory concerns.

A Situational Analysis and an Untapped Opportunity for Tackling Challenges Associated with Coverage of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: A Multi-Centric Study in India.

Objectives: To assesses the coverage, adherence, reasons for non-initiation and non-completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among household child contacts (HHCC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted across eight sites in India. Estimated sample size was 200 per site.

Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Neurosarcoidosis: A Delphi Survey of Experts Across the United States.

Background And Objectives: Neurosarcoidosis poses a diagnostic and management challenge due to its rarity, phenotypic variability, and lack of randomized controlled studies to guide treatment selection. Recommendations for management based on expert opinion are useful in clinical practice and provide a framework for designing prospective studies.

Methods: In this Delphi survey study, specialists with experience in managing patients with neurosarcoidosis were invited to anonymously complete 2 surveys about key elements of evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and long-term management of neurosarcoidosis.

Metabolic Stability and Targeted Delivery of Oligonucleotides: Advancing RNA Therapeutics Beyond The Liver.

Oligonucleotides have emerged as a formidable new class of nucleic acid therapeutics. Fully modified oligonucleotides exhibit enhanced metabolic stability and display successful clinical applicability for targets formerly considered "undruggable". Accumulating studies show that conjugation to targeting modalities of stabilized oligonucleotides, especially small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), has enabled robust delivery to intended cells/tissues.

"Comparison of the efficacy of Erich arch bars, IMF screws and SMART Lock Hybrid arch bars in the management of mandibular fractures- A Randomized clinical study".

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of Erich Arch Bar (EAB), Inter Maxillary Fixation (IMF) screws and SMART Lock Hybrid arch bar (HABs) in the treatment of mandibular fractures.

Materials And Methods: A prospective randomized clinical study was carried out in the Department of Dentistry at ESIC Hospital in Hyderabad from August 2021 to August 2023. The study comprised of three groups (EAB group (31), IMF screw group (33) and HABs group (29)).

Education Research: The MANET Project: Museum Art in Neurology Education Training.

Background And Objectives: Multiple studies have shown that visual arts training has improved observational and communication skills and empathy among medical students and resident physicians. The benefits of such training for neurology residents remain scarce. This project aims to introduce neurology residents to the world of visual arts, improve their observational skills, foster their empathic skills, and provide them with a unique space for self-expression.

Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Pregnant Women in Rural Jharkhand: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The nutritional status of pregnant women is a very important aspect of maternal and antenatal care, as malnutrition is detrimental to both the mother and the foetus. This study tries to assess the scale of the double burden of malnutrition in a rural setting in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 337 pregnant women to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women using Body Mass Index and dietary intake.

Unveiling predictors of developmental delay among under-fives: Insights from a community study.

Introduction: The development of a child is a crucial factor that ultimately affects the quality of life of children. Developmental delay can be prevented if it is identified early and adequate attention is given from the start.

Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between December and November 2022 on 450 children by multistage cluster sampling in the Ormanjhi block of Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Trends in syphilis case rates among women of reproductive age - United States, 2013-2022.

We analyzed syphilis case notifications in reproductive age women during 2013-2022. Late/unknown duration syphilis grew faster after 2020 (45.8% versus 17.

Evaluating the use of sublingual sufentanil in patients with buprenorphine treatment who are undergoing ambulatory surgery: A Prospective Case Report.

Introduction: Opioid use disorder is a chronic illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Opioid agonists, like buprenorphine, are commonly used to prevent relapse. Recent changes in buprenorphine legislation are expected to increase prescription and guidelines recommend its continuation during the perioperative period for many patients.

Erratum: Inertial Migration in a Pressure-Driven Channel Flow: Beyond the Segre-Silberberg Pinch [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 054002 (2024)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.

Reducing Disparities in Access to Kidney Transplantation Regional Study: A Randomized Trial in the Southeastern United States.

Key Points: Declines in referral mirror national trends; however, declines were less for some groups receiving the intervention, warranting long-term follow-up. The findings provide important context for future modification and scale-up of multilevel, multicomponent interventions in dialysis settings.

Background: The Southeastern United States has among the lowest rates of kidney transplantation nationally and has documented racial and socioeconomic disparities in transplant access.

Glucocorticoid treatment and new-onset hyperglycaemia and diabetes in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: In people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we aimed to estimate: (1) the prevalence of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia (GIH); (2) whether the prevalence of GIH varies by age, baseline diabetes status, treatment duration, ascertainment of glycaemia, definition of hyperglycaemia, study design and year of publication; and (3) the relative risk (RR) of new-onset hyperglycaemia in exposed vs non-exposed to systemic glucocorticoids.

Methods: We searched electronic databases until 9 November 2023 for randomised controlled trials and observational studies including adults diagnosed with COPD, with or without diabetes at baseline, using systemic glucocorticoids equivalent to prednisolone ≥5 mg/day for ≥3 days if exposed. Hyperglycaemia was defined as a blood glucose above a study-specific cut-off.

Novel pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene MK2 inhibitors: synthesis, pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, and anti-cancer efficacy evaluation in HNSCC cells.

Head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a growing concern worldwide and MAPKAPK2/MK2 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activated Protein Kinase 2) is crucially involved in HNSCC progression. Increased disease burden and lacuna of targeted therapies require novel and safe pharmacological inhibitors to suppress the well-explored molecular targets in HNSCC. Here, we used dibromo-substituted benzosuberene synthesized from the mixture of α, β, γ-himachalenes and utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of Pyrrolone-fused benzosuberenes (PfBS) as MK2 inhibitors through aminocarbonylation approach in a single-pot reaction.

Between worlds: Cis-and trans-identifying diaspora Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) women in Ontario, Canada on the intersections of gender, sexuality and sexual health.

Youth Sexual Health and HIV/STI Prevention in Middle Eastern and North African Communities (YSMENA) is the first community-based research study in Canada to explore key determinants of sexual health among diaspora Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) women living in Canada. Our objectives were to identify the factors influencing sexual health for MENA youth and grow an evidence base to strengthen the sexual health response for MENA communities. Using mixed- method design, data were gathered through a quantitative socio-demographic survey and qualitative focus groups with 24 women-identifying MENA youth (16-29 years) living in Ontario, Canada.

Vascular and nerve biomarkers in thigh skin biopsies differentiate painful from painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Identifying distinct mechanisms and biomarkers for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is required for advancing the treatment of this major global unmet clinical need. We previously provided evidence in calf skin biopsies that disproportion between reduced sensory small nerve fibers and increased blood vessels may distinguish painful from non-painful DPN. We proposed that overexposure of the reduced nerve fibers in DPN to increased hypoxemia-induced vasculature and related algogenic factors, e.