Effect of Papaverine on Left Internal Mammary Artery Flow: Topical Spraying versus Perivascular Injection Method.

Objective: To analyze two techniques of papaverine application, topical spray on the harvested left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and perivascular injection, to find out their ability to improve LIMA flow.

Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. In Group 1, papaverine was sprayed on the harvested pedunculated LIMA.

Detection of micrometastasis in axillary lymph nodes of breast carcinoma patients and its association with clinical outcome.

Context: There is heterogeneity in the clinical behavior of breast carcinoma patients with node negativity. Studies have analyzed different factors influencing the outcome in such patients. It is suggested that the presence of nodal micrometastasis can act as a tool in predicting the aggressiveness of these tumors.