Geospatial Distribution of Prenatally and Postnatally Diagnosed Congenital Heart Disease: Implications for Equitable Care from a Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study.

Objective: To characterize patterns in the geospatial distribution of pre- and postnatally diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD) across 6 surgical centers.

Study Design: A retrospective, multicenter case series from the Fetal Heart Society identified patients at 6 centers from 2012 through 2016 with prenatally (PrND) or postnatally (PoND) diagnosed hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Geospatial analysis for clustering was done by the average nearest neighbor (ANN) tool or optimized hot spot tool, depending on spatial unit and data type.

The Child Opportunity Index and asthma morbidity among children younger than 5 years old in Washington, DC.

Background: Place-based social determinants of health are associated with pediatric asthma morbidity. However, there is little evidence on how social determinants of health correlate to the disproportionately high rates of asthma morbidity experienced by children <5 years old.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate census tract associations between the Child Opportunity Index ±COI) and at-risk rates (ARRs) for pediatric asthma-related emergency department (ED) encounters and hospitalizations in Washington, DC.

Population-level SDOH and Pediatric Asthma Health Care Utilization: A Systematic Review.

Context: Spatial analysis is a population health methodology that can determine geographic distributions of asthma outcomes and examine their relationship to place-based social determinants of health (SDOH).

Objectives: To systematically review US-based studies analyzing associations between SDOH and asthma health care utilization by geographic entities.

Data Sources: Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

Characteristics and Geographic Variation in Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the District of Columbia.

Sleep-related infant death is a major cause of infant mortality in the United States. In the District of Columbia, infant mortality varies widely among regions (2 to 14 per 1000 live births). The study objectives were to analyze the patient characteristics and related variables to sudden unexpected infant deaths at 2 pediatric emergency department (ED) sites and the geographic patterns of infant deaths and their relationship to social vulnerability.

Social Determinants of Health and At-Risk Rates for Pediatric Asthma Morbidity.

Background And Objectives: Compared with population-based rates, at-risk rates (ARRs) account for underlying variations of asthma prevalence. When applied with geospatial analysis, ARRs may facilitate more accurate evaluations of the contribution of place-based social determinants of health (SDOH) to pediatric asthma morbidity. Our objectives were to calculate ARRs for pediatric asthma-related emergency department (ED) encounters and hospitalizations by census-tract in Washington, the District of Columbia (DC) and evaluate their associations with SDOH.

Geospatial analysis of salmonellosis and its association with socioeconomic status in Texas.

Objective: The study's objective was to find the association between salmonellosis and socioeconomic status (SES) in hot spot areas and statewide counties.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The data were recorded regarding salmonellosis in 2017 from the Texas surveillance database.

Antibiotic exposure in hospitalized pediatric patients in the United States: prevalence and length of stay.

Background: Hospital antibiotic use is rising. We aimed to evaluate the antibiotic-use prevalence and length of stay.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of patients < 18-years-old admitted to general pediatric services who received ≥ 1 antibiotic over six months.

Kommerell's Diverticulum With a Twist: A Case of Recurrent Wheeze in an 8-Year-Old Boy.

Kommerell's diverticulum is a rare, congenital aortic arch anomaly, usually associated with other vascular abnormalities. When present with a concurrent right-sided aortic arch and an aberrant subclavian artery, this triad can form a vascular ring that encompasses the trachea and esophagus. This anatomical variant is usually asymptomatic but can present with respiratory symptoms due to compression of the trachea.

Things We Do For No Reason™: Routine Blood Culture Acquisition for Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign, the "Things We Do for No Reason™" (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent "black and white" conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.

Demographic and clinical features of pediatric patients with orthostatic intolerance and an abnormal head-up tilt table test; A retrospective descriptive study.

Background: Clinical presentation varies in children with Orthostatic Intolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with orthostatic intolerance (OI) and positive head-up tilt test (HUTT).

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of clinical data from outpatients over 18 months period.

A Differential Approach to an Uncommon Case of Acute Anemia in a Child With Sickle Cell Disease.

Hyperhemolytic crisis is a rare and dangerous complication of sickle cell disease where the hemoglobin level drops rapidly. This can quickly lead to organ failure and death. In the literature, most cases of hyperhemolysis in sickle cell patients followed a red cell transfusion.

Acute Swollen Calf Pain With a Diagnosis of Hemophilia Following an MRI.

Hemarthrosis is a common musculoskeletal presentation in hemophilia. Intramuscular bleed is not uncommon. We report a young child who had a minor injury and calf swelling.

Protocol: randomised trial to compare nasoduodenal tube and nasogastric tube feeding in infants with bronchiolitis on high-flow nasal cannula; Bronchiolitis and High-flow nasal cannula with Enteral Tube feeding Randomised (BHETR) trial.

Introduction: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a non-invasive form of respiratory support used increasingly in bronchiolitis. HFNC provides a variable amount of positive pressure similar to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The positive pressure in CPAP can distend and loosen oesophageal sphincter pressure leading to increased reflux.

Disparities Between US Opioid Overdose Deaths and Treatment Capacity: A Geospatial and Descriptive Analysis.

Introduction: With opioid-related deaths reaching epidemic levels, gaining a better understanding of access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is critical. Most studies have focused on 1 side of the equation-either provider capacity or patients' need for care, as measured by overdose deaths. This study examines the overlay between treatment program availability and opioid mortality, comparing accessibility by region.

Coronary artery dilation associated with anti-synthetase syndrome in an adolescent.

Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders primarily affecting skeletal muscle. Pediatric coronary artery dilation is frequently discussed in Kawasaki disease. However, it has yet to be reported in the IIMs or antisynthetase syndrome.

Acute Painless Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed That Mimics Meckel Diverticulum.

Objective: We describe a case of gastrointestinal duplication cyst with heterotopic gastric mucosa presenting with hematochezia.

Case: The patient was a previously healthy 2-month-old girl presenting with passing fresh blood in the diaper without distress or abdominal discomfort. She was evaluated for colic prior to this episode and discharged home.

Tuberculosis: Is the landscape changing?

Robert Heinrich Herman Koch, a German physician and microbiologist, received Nobel Prize in 1905 for identifying the specific causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). During his time it was believed that TB was an inherited disease. However he was convinced that the disease was caused by a bacterium and was infectious, tested his postulates using guinea pigs, and found the causative agent to be slow growing mycobacterium tuberculosis.