The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostics, Treatment, and Operational Efficiency.

Background And Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) beginning to integrate in healthcare, is ushering in a transformative era, impacting diagnostics, altering personalized treatment, and significantly improving operational efficiency. The study aims to describe AI in healthcare, including important technologies like robotics, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), and to investigate how these technologies are used in patient interaction, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring. The goal of this review is to present a thorough analysis of AI's effects on healthcare while providing stakeholders with a road map for navigating this changing environment.

The influence of bulk stoichiometry on near-ambient pressure reactivity of bare and Pt-loaded rutile TiO(110).

The interaction of catalyst particles with reducible support materials can drastically change their reactivity. On rutile TiO, processes like particle encapsulation (caused by the "strong metal-support interaction", SMSI) have long been known to depend on the initial reduction state of the oxide. Despite this knowledge, sample stoichiometry has rarely been controlled in a reproducible manner in the surface science literature.

Evaluation of Sampling Algorithms Used for Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification of Molecular Dynamics Force Fields.

New Bayesian parameter estimation methods have the capability to enable more physically realistic and reliable molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by providing accurate estimates of uncertainties of force-field (FF) parameters and associated properties. However, the choice of which Bayesian parameter estimation algorithm to use has not been widely investigated, despite its impact on the effective exploration of parameter space. Here, using a case example of the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) FF parameters, we investigated the ramifications of several of the algorithm choices.

Chickpea seed endophyte sp. mediated yield and nutritional enrichment of chickpea for improving human and livestock health.

Chickpeas ( L.) are used as a good source of proteins and energy in the diets of various organisms including humans and animals. Chickpea straws can serve as an alternative option for forage for different ruminants.

Anomalous, dielectrophoretic transport of molecules in non-electrolytes.

The electric field (E-field) dielectric polarization-based separations mechanism represents a novel method for separating solutions at small length scales. An E-field gradient with a maximum strength of 0.4 MV/m applied across a 10 μm deep channel is shown to increase the concentration inside the low E-field region by ≈ 40% relative to the high E-field region.

Electronic health record interoperability using FHIR and blockchain: A bibliometric analysis and future perspective.

Electronic health records (EHRs) constitute vital statistics, current health condition, ongoing therapies, and patient data; hence, their interoperability could be useful for epidemiologic and clinical research. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and blockchain are currently "in-use" and tested for exchange of such data. The annual scientific production of publications for both FHIR and blockchain shows steady growth.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Capillary and Electric Field Effects on Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium: A Study on the Water-Ethanol Mixture.

This study investigates phase equilibrium manipulation in nonideal mixtures through a combined capillary and external electric field approach. Utilizing thermodynamic principles, an expression is established for estimating the equilibrium liquid mole fraction in a confined system subjected to a localized electric field within a capillary that is filled with a liquid phase in equilibrium with its vapor counterpart. Applied to a water-ethanol system, the model suggests large shifts in the equilibrium liquid mole fraction of water due to the electric field and capillary effects.

Outcomes following surgical intervention for acute hemorrhage in severe traumatic brain injury: a review of the National Trauma Data Bank.

Objective: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health issue posing significant morbidity and mortality to afflicted patients. While the effect of time to surgery as the primary factor for survival has been extensively studied, long-term dispositional outcomes following intracranial hemorrhage evacuation have not been well described in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elicit potential prognostic factors in patients presenting with severe TBI that may have a significant impact on discharge disposition.

Dielectric polarization-based separations in an ionic solution.

A novel non-electrophoretic, electric field-based separation mechanism capable of transporting ions based on their dielectric properties is presented here for the first time. Though this polarization-based mechanism behaves similarly to dielectrophoresis, the separation mechanism is remarkably very efficient at small length scales compared to any dielectrophoretic separation mechanism for particles. For an applied electric field of strength as low as ∼0.

Thermodynamic Study of the Electric Field Effect on Liquid-Vapor Mixture at Equilibrium: An Analysis on a Water-Ethanol Mixture.

In this paper, the effect of electric fields on phase equilibria through polarization is investigated. A relation is derived for the chemical potential of a system, where the electric field is localized over a liquid phase mixture in equilibrium with a vapor phase mixture. This relation is then applied to a water-ethanol mixture to explore the effect of polarization-based electric fields on the liquid phase composition.

Proportion of thyroid cancer and other cancers in the democratic republic of Congo.

Background: Cancer diagnosis is increasing around the world and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The proportion of thyroid cancer has increased over the past three decades. There are very few studies on cancer epidemiology, and in particular on thyroid cancer in the DRC.

Novel Raman Spectroscopy Method for Solutions in Uniform, High-Strength Electric Field.

A novel method of measuring the influence of high electric fields on the Raman scattering of fluids is introduced, which can help understand various interactions of a fluid with the high electric field. The microfluidic chip can impose highly controlled, uniform electric fields across the measurement volume with blocked electrodes, eliminating spurious reactions at the electrode surface. The developed methodology and the experimental setup are utilized to examine the effect of the electric field on three of the stretching vibrations of ethanol in water-ethanol mixtures with varying concentrations of ethanol and effective electric fields up to 1.

Natural Products as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Potential Agents for Neurological Disorders.

The role of medicinal plants has been advantageous due to their manifestation through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Inhibition of the monoamine oxidase enzyme is suspected to be a highly effective treatment for various neurological illnesses like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, social phobia, and panic disorders. The study of phytochemicals and plant extracts used as a traditional source of medication revealed that they possess the vast potential for monoamine oxidase inhibition.

Designing of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives as inhibitors of PDE1B using pharmacophore screening, ensemble docking and molecular dynamics approach.

In recent years, the PDE1B enzyme has become a desirable drug target for the treatment of psychological and neurological disorders, particularly schizophrenia disorder, due to the expression of PDE1B in brain regions involved in volitional behaviour, learning and memory. Although several inhibitors of PDE1 have been identified using different methods, none of these inhibitors has reached the market yet. Thus, searching for novel PDE1B inhibitors is considered a major scientific challenge.

Harnessing bacterial strain from rhizosphere to develop indigenous PGPR consortium for enhancing lobia () production.

The rhizosphere microbes play a key role in plant nutrition and health. However, the interaction of beneficial microbes and (lobia) production remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to isolate and characterize the soil microbes from the rhizosphere and develop novel microbial consortia for enhancing lobia production.

Evaluation of the acute oral toxicity and antipsychotic activity of a dual inhibitor of PDE1B and PDE10A in rat model of schizophrenia.

Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) and PDE10A are dual-specificity PDEs that hydrolyse both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and are highly expressed in the striatum. Several reports have suggested that PDE10A inhibitors may present a promising approach for the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas PDE1B inhibitors may present a novel mechanism to modulate cognitive deficits. Previously, we have reported a novel dual inhibitor of PDE1B and PDE10A, compound 2 [(3-fluorophenyl)(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)methanone] which has shown inhibitory activity for human recombinant PDE1B and PDE10A in vitro.

Comparative Studies of Palmatine with Metformin and Glimepiride on the Modulation of Insulin Dependent Signaling Pathway In Vitro, In Vivo & Ex Vivo.

(1) Insulin resistance, a symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is caused by the inactivation of the insulin signaling pathway, which includes IRS-PI3K-IRS-1-PKC-AKT2 and GLUT4. Metformin (biguanide) and glimepiride (sulfonylurea) are both drugs that are derivatives of urea, and they are widely used as first-line drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Palmatine has been previously reported to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.

Computational Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agents for Viral Diseases.

Over the last two decades, computational technologies have played a crucial role in antiviral drug development. Whenever a virus spreads and becomes a threat to global health, it brings along the challenge of developing new therapeutics and prophylactics. Computational drug and vaccine discovery has evolved quickly over the years.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Traditional Herbal Medicine and Gum on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease that affects elderly men with various complications. This study evaluates the effects of an Iranian traditional herbal medicine "Atrifil and Oshagh gum" on BPH in male Wistar rats. is a combination of three medicinal plants: " extracts, and gum is D.

Artificial intelligence and machine-learning approaches in structure and ligand-based discovery of drugs affecting central nervous system.

CNS disorders are indications with a very high unmet medical needs, relatively smaller number of available drugs, and a subpar satisfaction level among patients and caregiver. Discovery of CNS drugs is extremely expensive affair with its own unique challenges leading to extremely high attrition rates and low efficiency. With explosion of data in information age, there is hardly any aspect of life that has not been touched by data driven technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).

The bioactive potential of phytohormones: A review.

Plant hormones play an important role in growth, defence and plants productivity and there are several studies on their effects on plants. However, their role in humans and animals is limitedly studied. Recent studies suggest that plant hormone also works in mammalian systems, and have the potential to reduce human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and also improve cell growth.

Harnessing of phytomicrobiome for developing potential biostimulant consortium for enhancing the productivity of chickpea and soil health under sustainable agriculture.

The main aim of the present work was to explore culturable bacteria and to develop potential microbial consortium as bio-inoculants for enhancing plant productivity, nutritional content, and soil health. For this study, we selected two bacterial strains e.g.

Structure-based discovery and bio-evaluation of a cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3-]pyrimidin-4-one as a phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor.

Phosphodiesterase10A (PDE10A) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, extensive efforts of medicinal chemists have been directed toward developing potent PDE10A inhibitors with minimal side effects. However, PDE10A inhibitors are not approved as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, possibly due to the lack of research in this area.