Incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemia patients after treatment with insulin and dextrose in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India: a prospective observational study.

Background: Hypoglycemia is a serious, often overlooked complication of treating hyperkalemia with insulin and dextrose. If not recognized and managed, it can increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of hypoglycemia in hyperkalemic patients treated with 10 units of intravenous insulin, 50 ml of 50% dextrose, 10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate, and salbutamol nebulization.

CAR T-cell therapy: a potential treatment strategy for pediatric midline gliomas.

Pediatric brain tumors are the primary cause of death in children with cancer. Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are frequently unresectable due to their difficult access location, and 5-year survival remains less than 20%. Despite significant advances in tumor biology and genetics, treatment options remain limited and ineffective.

Embracing Exoscope in the Arsenal of Spine Surgeons in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Exoscope (EX) is a device that combines the convenience of an endoscope with the image clarity of an operating microscope (OM) to fill the void between the two. This study aims to compare the 2-dimensional EX with OM in spine surgeries and to explore its utility and feasibility in small and peripheral hospitals of low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with intradural spinal tumors (extramedullary and intramedullary) aged more than 18 years were included between August 2021 and August 2023.

A Toxicogenic Interaction between Intracellular Amyloid-β and Apolipoprotein-E.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau proteins. Why ApoE variants are significant genetic risk factors remains a major unsolved puzzle in understanding AD, although intracellular interactions with ApoE are suspected to play a role. Here, we show that specific changes in the fluorescence lifetime of fluorescently tagged small Aβ oligomers in rat brain cells correlate with the cellular ApoE content.

Novel freehand frontal ventriculostomy in the supraorbital keyhole approach: technical note.

Background And Objectives: The narrow surgical passage provided by the supraorbital keyhole craniotomy restricts the instrument's maneuverability and presents a number of technical challenges. Inadequate brain relaxation may eventually result in unavoidable brain retraction and neurological impairments. The article aims to provide a novel intraoperative ventriculostomy to assist in overcoming the barrier of a narrow surgical corridor and assess its feasibility and safety compared to other techniques.

Comparison of the Novel Two-Hand Technique Using the Saraj Endocath with the Traditional Three-Hand Technique in Transnasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: An Innovation for the Future.

Background: Endoscopic surgery has become the preferred treatment of sellar lesions because of its minimally invasive nature. Visualization is frequently obscured as a result of the frequent contact of the lens with blood and tissue debris. We seek to alleviate these problems and increase the efficiency and safety of neuroendoscopic surgery by introducing a new device (Saraj Endocath) combining the major function of suction with the endoscope.

A rare case of occipital encephalocele presenting as the largest congenital head mass in an infant.

Background: The prevalence of encephalocele is estimated to be 0.8-5.0 per 10,000 live births.

Comparison of Radiological and Clinical Outcomes between Expandable and Non-expandable Cages Following Cervical Corpectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion is considered the mainstay of surgical treatment in cervical pathology. Expandable and nonexpandable cages are preferred over autogenous bone graft because of donor-related morbidity. However, the choice of the cage type remains a debatable topic as studies report conflicting results.

A brief review of the monkeypox virus and emerging concerns for neuroinvasiveness.

Background: Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, monkeypox virus (MPXV) disease has been recognized as another disease of pandemic nature by the World Health Organization. Nearly four decades after the eradication of smallpox, as half of the world population is naïve to ortho-pox viruses (supposedly due to lack of immunity by vaccination), MPXV remains the most pathogenic species of the family of poxviruses.

Methods: The articles on MPXV were searched on PubMed/Medline and data were retrieved and analyzed.

Co-designing the Embodiment of a Minimalist Social Robot to Encourage Hand Hygiene Practises Among Children in India.

We conducted an empirical study to co-design a social robot with children to bring about long-term behavioural changes. As a case study, we focused our efforts to create a social robot to promote handwashing in community settings while adhering to minimalistic design principles. Since cultural views influence design preferences and technology acceptance, we selected forty children from different socio-economic backgrounds across India as informants for our design study.

Posterior fossa giant adenoid cystic carcinoma with skull base invasion mimicking glomus jugulare: A case report and review of literature.

The author describes a rare case of giant adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) mimicking large paraganglioma with lower cranial nerve palsy. A 60-year-old female presented with a progressive increase in postauricular swelling with unilateral hearing loss, facial deviation, difficulty in swallowing, and hoarseness of voice. MRI brain showed highly vascular infiltrating and osteolytic mass suggestive of large glomus jugulare versus sarcoma.

Study of Association of Various Psychiatric Disorders in Brain Tumors.

 Brain tumors may be associated with high morbidity, and psychiatric symptoms may be an early manifestation. It is important to address mental symptoms as early as possible because they are prone to develop psychiatric comorbidities in future. If untreated, these situations may worsen and lead to burden upon caregivers.

Prognostic Factors and Outcome of Surgically Treated Supratentorial versus Infratentorial Epidural Hematoma in Pediatrics: A Comparative Study of 350 Patients at a Tertiary Center of a Developing Country.

Purpose: In children, epidural hematomas (EDHs) constitute around 2% to 3% of all head traumas. The aim of this study is to compare the manifestation, prognostic factors, and outcome of surgically treated supratentorial with infratentorial EDHs in pediatric patients.

Methods: This is a hospital-based single-center, retrospective study of 350 pediatric patients admitted between January 2016 and December 2021.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) facilitates norepinephrine transporter dimerization and modulates substrate efflux.

The plasmalemmal norepinephrine transporter (NET) regulates cardiovascular sympathetic activity by clearing extracellular norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft. Here, we investigate the subunit stoichiometry and function of NET using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and flux assays. In particular, we show the effect of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) on NET oligomerization and efflux.

Management and outcome of unusual pediatric brain tumors: challenges experienced at a tertiary care center of a developing country.

Purpose: Primary brain tumors are the most frequent solid pediatric tumors, accounting for 40-50% of all cancers in children. Eighty to ninety percent of the 250,000 new cases of pediatric cancer each year are discovered in low and middle-income nations, where nearly 88 percent of the world's children reside. This article aims to emphasize the unusual presentation, management, and surgical outcome of complex pediatric brain tumors.

Surgical management of post-COVID invasive rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and its outcomes: Role of neurosurgeons in a tertiary care center.

Background: Mucormycosis, which was previously considered to be rare, has emerged with a new challenge in patients infected with or recovering from COVID-19. Immunocompromised patients are particularly prone to developing this disease. The most common form of presentation is rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM).

Filar arteriovenous fistula mimicking upper motor neuron palsy: A case report with review of the literature.

Background: Filar A-V fistula is a rare entity. It requires a high degree of suspicion to diagnose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are often nonspecific and spinal angiogram is required to diagnose it.

COVID-19-induced atypical pneumonia in an unseparated adult conjoined twin in a remote setup of developing country: management by telemedicine. Illustrative case.

Background: Telemedicine is the use of wireless communications and Web-based technologies to provide healthcare and services. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to healthcare providers, who have been forced to change their usual mode of service delivery and have been given an opportunity to adopt the concept of telemedicine.

Observations: A 40-year-old underprivileged and unseparated conjoined twin (pygopagus) had dorsal spine tuberculosis and was on a regular follow-up through telemedicine due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and embarrassment they had to face in public appearances.

High-definition two-dimension video telescope operating monitor-assisted brain and spinal surgery in pediatrics: is it an acceptable substitute for microscopic surgery?

Purpose: Vision and ergonomics are crucial variables for successful outcomes during neurosurgery procedures. Two-dimension video telescope operating monitor (VITOM) exoscope has emerged as an alternative, which is cheaper than microscope. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of 2D VITOM and to compare its merits and demerits with respect to microscope.

Biological Significance of Serum Biomarkers in Sports- Related Concussion Injury-A Systematic Review.

Aim: To evaluate all serum biomarkers in sports-related concussion injury (SRC) to determine diagnostic validity, changes with symptom severity, and return to play, as well as detect early changes in serum concentration.

Material And Methods: Studies were searched in various electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane databases) from their commencement to May 2021. Studies were included if athletes aged 12 years and older were diagnosed with a concussion injury and evaluated using serum biomarkers.

Z-scan analysis and theoretical studies of dopamine under physiological conditions.

Dopamine (DA) is a widely researched catecholamine best known for its role in motor, motivation, addiction, and reward. Disruption in dopamine homeostasis and signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the periphery, circulating DA is stored in blood platelets, and its disruption correlates with pathological conditions such as head and neck paragangliomas, Huntington's chorea, and schizophrenia.