24-hour Intraocular pressure monitoring: the way ahead.

Large diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation is a single most independent risk factor for glaucoma progression besides raised IOP. The major limitation of Goldman applanation tonometer (GAT) is its inability to measure night IOP without disturbing the patient's sleep. We discussed the methods available for the 24-hour IOP monitoring and its relevance in glaucoma.

A study of endothelial cell count pre- and post-neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser iridotomy in subacute angle closure using specular microscope.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser iridotomy on corneal endothelial cell count in patients with subacute angle closure using specular microscope.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 50 cases of narrow-angle Grade 1 and Grade 2 (Shaffer gonioscopic grading) visiting the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Amritsar underwent Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy. After obtaining informed written consent, specular microscopy was performed before and after iridotomy at 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and at 6-month follow-up visits.

Automated achromatic perimetry.

Visual field (VF) testing is an important diagnostic tool for Glaucoma. The current gold standard for VF testing is automated perimetry. This article is an attempt to familiarize the reader with components of an achromatic (white on white) automated perimetry printout.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a pubertal paediatric Indian patient.

Background: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition and absence of hydrocephalus or space occupying lesions. IIH is a rare disease in children. It can lead to visual impairment but prompt diagnosis and treatment in most of the cases will prevent potentially permanent visual loss.

Outcome of solid-state 532 nm green laser in high-risk retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care centre in India.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the outcome of solid-state green laser in high-risk retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a tertiary centre in India.

Methods: Fifty-nine eyes of 30 infants with high-risk ROP were recruited in this prospective, interventional study. High-risk ROP included prethreshold type 1 ROP and APROP.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement by scanning laser polarimetry (GDxVCC) at conventional and modified diameter scans in normals, glaucoma suspects, and early glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To study the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) at 3 different scan diameters using GDxVCC in healthy, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) suspects, and early POAG.

Method: RNFL parameters were evaluated in 100 normal subjects, 50 POAG suspects, and 50 early POAG patients using GDxVCC at conventional small, medium, and large circle. TSNIT (temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, temporal) average, superior average, inferior average RNFL thickness, and nerve fiber indicator (NFI) were evaluated.

Post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma.

Post-penetrating keratoplasty (post-PK) glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible visual loss and graft failure. The etiology for this disorder is multifactorial, and with the use of new diagnostic equipment, it is now possible to elucidate the exact pathophysiology of this condition. A clear understanding of the various mechanisms that operate during different time frames following PK is essential to chalk out the appropriate management algorithms.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in opaque grafts with post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the anterior segment in opaque grafts with post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma (PPKG) by using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

Methods: An observational clinical case series of patients with opaque corneal grafts with PPKG who underwent UBM examination of the anterior chamber is reported. Indication for keratoplasty, lens status, intraocular pressure at the time of presentation, and the time of diagnosis of glaucoma were noted.

Effect of topical mitomycin C on corneal endothelium.

Purpose: To evaluate patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) on treatment with topical mitomycin C (MMC) with regard to changes in corneal thickness and endothelial count.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, interventional series.

Methods: In this prospective evaluation, 25 patients with OSSN with different clock hours of involvement (range, one to eight), age varying from 19 to 76 years, were treated with topical MMC 0.

Management of acute corneal hydrops secondary to keratoconus with intracameral injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Purpose: To report the use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in the management of corneal edema caused by acute corneal hydrops secondary to keratoconus.

Methods: Nine eyes with acute hydrops secondary to keratoconus managed by SF6 gas injected into the anterior chamber (group 1) were compared to another 9 eyes that were managed conservatively with conventional medical therapy (group 2).

Results: Of 9 eyes in group 1, 3 had 1 injection, 4 had 2 injections, and the remaining 2 had 3 injections into the anterior chamber.

Sutureless single-port transconjunctival pars plana limited vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification for management of phacomorphic glaucoma.

We describe a technique that uses a small-gauge, single-port, sutureless transconjunctival limited pars plana vitrectomy to facilitate phacoemulsification in eyes with a shallow anterior chamber and high intraocular pressure (phacomorphic glaucoma). These eyes have positive vitreous pressure, and anterior chamber formation with an ophthalmic viscosurgical device may not be possible. Surgery is difficult and prone to various intraoperative complications.

Comparison of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for assessment of the anterior segment.

Purpose: To compare anterior segment parameters using quantitative imaging by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

Setting: Tertiary-care glaucoma research center.

Methods: Sixty-three eyes of 63 subjects had anterior segment evaluation by AS-OCT (Visante-Zeiss) and UBM (Paradigm).

Microincision cataract surgery in a vitrectomized eye.

Phacoemulsification after vitrectomy is associated with several intraoperative problems. We describe the use of bimanual microincision cataract surgery using an 18-gauge needle as the irrigating chopper combined with silicone oil removal in a vitrectomized eye. This technique may offer a safe alternative to standard phacoemulsification in such cases.