Treatment of distal femur and proximal tibia fractures with external fixation followed by planned conversion to internal fixation.

Purpose: To evaluate healing rates and complications in patients treated with temporary external fixation (EF) and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for high-energy distal femur or proximal tibia fractures.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data 1999 to 2005. Demographic data and injury severity score were obtained from medical records.

The deltoid muscle: an anatomic description of the deltoid insertion to the proximal humerus.

Objective: This study was designed to describe the anatomic insertion point of the deltoid to the proximal humerus.

Design: Gross anatomic study.

Setting: Level one academic trauma center.