Publications by authors named "Anamika Singh"
Metabolomics is emerging as a significant approach to reflect the individual's response to pathophysiological conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved as a tool to identify metabolic dysregulations in critically ill patients afflicted with conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), acute kidney injury (AKI), and sepsis. The spectral data from the serum sample of the study and control group are recorded using an 800 MHz NMR spectrometer and processed using NMR processing and analysis tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ability to precisely pattern cells and proteins is crucial in various scientific disciplines, including cell biology, bioengineering, and materials chemistry. Current techniques, such as microcontact stamping, 3D bioprinting, and direct photopatterning, have limitations in terms of cost, versatility, and throughput. In this Article, we present an accessible approach that combines the throughput of photomask systems with the versatility of programmable light patterning using a low-cost consumer LCD resin printer.
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- Nanometer-scale control over the surface functionalization of soft gels is crucial for applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine.
- Researchers have demonstrated the ability to transfer a precision polymer layer to the surface of stiff polyacrylamide gels and are now extending this technique to softer hydrogels, which are more similar to soft tissue.
- This innovative approach results in hydrogel surfaces that feature exposed nanostructured functional arrays, allowing for more controlled ligand presentation, which is vital for tissue engineering and cellular interactions.
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- ESKAPE pathogens are a major global health threat due to rising antimicrobial resistance and the ineffectiveness of current treatments.
- The review focuses on the origins and resistance mechanisms of these pathogens and discusses innovative antibiotic therapies and new treatment strategies.
- It highlights the importance of global collaboration, policy reforms, and advanced diagnostic tools to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
Article Synopsis
- * Shellac was cured at various temperatures, leading to a thermally stable material with significantly improved mechanical properties, including high bending stiffness and strength.
- * Unlike traditional paper straws, the shellac-treated straws remained rigid in wet conditions for up to one day, making them a viable sustainable alternative to single-use plastic straws.
Article Synopsis
- * The research used a tape casting technique to produce larger PLA-oil films that required less solvent, and these films were analyzed for various properties, including their antimicrobial effectiveness, mechanical strength, and moisture barrier capabilities.
- * Results showed that the 50 wt% essential oil blend significantly extended the shelf-life of waffles from 2 days to 30 days, with Vanilla effectively masking the odor of T. ammi and confirming the films' time-released oil properties through infrared spectroscopy.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent age-associated neurodegenerative disorder. Presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons are among the characteristic of PD. One of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology is chronic neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDesigning surfaces that enable controlled presentation of multivalent ligand clusters (e.g., for rapid screening of biomolecular binding constants or design of artificial extracellular matrices) is a cross-cutting challenge in materials and interfacial chemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune condition and chronic inflammatory disease, mostly affecting synovial joints. The complex pathogenesis of RA is supportive of high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Pathological changes a common characteristic in RA synovial tissue is attributed to the inadequacy of apoptotic pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnological approaches for enhancement of heavy metal phytoremediation capacity of plants.
Environ Monit Assess
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- * Phytoremediation utilizes plants' natural ability to absorb heavy metals, with advancements in genetic engineering improving their efficiency and tolerance to these toxins.
- * The review discusses the integration of molecular mechanisms and advanced omics tools to enhance the phytoremediation capabilities of plants through better understanding and genetic modifications.
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- - ARDS, especially when combined with AKI, has high mortality rates, and there's a noticeable gap in understanding the metabolic changes that occur in these patients, which might contribute to poor recovery outcomes.
- - The study utilized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze serum samples from 75 ARDS patients, identifying nine key metabolites that showed distinct differences between those with and without AKI.
- - Findings indicated significant metabolic dysregulation linked to complications like hyperammonemia and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that understanding these alterations could lead to personalized treatment strategies in critical care to improve patient outcomes.
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- Researchers identified specific enzymes known as cytochrome P450s that are responsible for oxidative modifications of these compounds, revealing their roles in the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids.
- The study concluded that the initial oxidation step in this pathway likely involves C-28 modification, with subsequent branching into different hydroxylation processes to create various beneficial compounds.
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- The Mediator complex's protein-protein interaction network is crucially regulated by various developmental and environmental factors.
- MediatorWeb is a user-friendly web platform that allows for comparative analysis and visualization of Mediator subunits from humans, yeast, and plants, providing access to untargeted network data and functional annotations.
- It also offers structural information and interolog detection to help users understand the Mediator complex's role in gene transcription regulation across different species.
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- There is a pressing need for new antifungal treatments against Mucorales due to the limited effectiveness of existing agents.
- This study evaluates the antifungal effects of native lactoferrin (LF) and its fragments against common Mucorale species and examines their synergy with established antifungals.
- Results indicate that native LF, particularly in combination with Amphotericin B, demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic agent against Mucorales.
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- * The deadliest form, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, led to a staggering 85% mortality rate, emphasizing the need for more effective treatments beyond traditional methods like surgery and liposomal amphotericin B.
- * Recent research is prioritizing small-molecule inhibitors that can target diverse aspects of the infection, penetrate the central nervous system, and improve treatment efficacy against the pathogen's various virulence mechanisms.
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- Reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to various diseases, particularly neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis, according to a recent study.
- The study demonstrated that exposure to EBV and its glycoprotein M (gM) led to cognitive decline and increased anxiety in mice, alongside significant changes in brain structure and inflammation markers.
- Elevated levels of key proteins related to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's risk were found, indicating a strong association between EBV/gM and neurological issues.
Inkjet Printing of Nanoscale Functional Patterns on 2D Crystalline Materials and Transfer to Soft Materials.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
February 2024
Nanometer-scale control over surface functionality is important in applications ranging from nanoscale electronics to regenerative medicine. However, approaches that provide precise control over surface chemistry at the nanometer scale are often challenging to use with higher throughput and in more heterogeneous environments (e.g.
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- The experiment investigates the role of strain PAR as a rhizobacterium that enhances plant growth in tomato plants facing fluoride stress.
- Among 16 tested strains, S2 (identified as strain PAR) showed the greatest resilience to various fluoride levels and positively affected critical growth factors like seed germination and root length.
- The study highlights strain PAR's ability to improve plant health by increasing chlorophyll content, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and managing nutrient levels, making it a potential solution for sustainable agriculture in fluoride-affected soils.
High-level biosynthesis of enantiopure germacrene D in yeast.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Germacrene D, a compound used in fragrances, has a sustainable production method that was previously lacking, but this study successfully engineered yeast to biosynthesize it in pure forms.
- The researchers created a specialized yeast strain that increased the production of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), leading to significant improvements in germacrene D yields, ranging from 67 to 120 times more than the parent strain.
- In experiments, the engineered yeast produced unprecedented amounts of germacrene D: up to 290.28 µg/ml for the (+) enantiomer and 2519.46 µg/ml for the (-) enantiomer, showcasing the effectiveness of their metabolic engineering approach.
Background: Activated platelets secrete platelet factor 4 (PF4), which contributes to viral pathogenesis. Recently, we reported the proviral role of PF4 in replication of closely related flaviviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV).
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of PF4-mediated virus replication.
Article Synopsis
- Severe dengue, caused by the dengue virus, is a significant global health issue tied to uncontrolled immune cell activation and excessive inflammation.
- This research indicates that immune responses in severe dengue could arise from direct virus interactions or through extracellular vesicles (EVs) from infected cells, which have not been thoroughly studied yet.
- The study finds that EVs from the plasma of severe dengue patients may suppress CD4+ T cell activity, possibly aiding in the progression of the disease.
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- Soil contains a diverse range of bacteria, especially in the rhizosphere, where plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) aid plant health by combating diseases and enhancing nutrient absorption.
- Fluoride (F) is a natural contaminant with antibacterial properties that can harm PGPRs, yet these beneficial microbes have developed various defense mechanisms against F, allowing them to protect plants from its harmful effects.
- The review emphasizes the potential of PGPRs in bioremediation of fluoride in soil, highlighting the role of modern biotechnological approaches, like gene editing, to enhance the interactions between plants and microbes for soil health improvement.
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- Scientists are trying to find new ways to fight hookworm infections because old treatments don't work well anymore.
- They created special probiotics that can deliver RNA molecules to target and weaken hookworms when eaten.
- In tests, these engineered probiotics helped reduce hookworm damage in mice by stopping the worms from growing and moving into important organs.
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- The study investigates the potential benefits of sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) from young and old mice as an alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy, specifically its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects.
- Researchers prepared SFF from young and old mice and tested its effects on macrophage cells under normal and inflammatory conditions, focusing on key indicators like reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and levels of inflammatory cytokines.
- Both young and old SFF were found to enhance immune responses and reduce inflammatory reactions when exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating their potential as therapeutic agents, with older SFF showing slightly better protective effects