Evaluation of Physical Changes and Bond Properties of Monolithic Zirconia Following Surface Treatment with Alumina and Synthetic Diamond Particles: A Comparative X-ray Diffraction Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the phase transformation and effect on the bond strength and fracture toughness of monolithic zirconia after surface treatment with alumina and synthetic diamond particles.

Materials And Methods: Forty samples of monolithic sintered zirconia discs (Y-TZP) were divided into two groups of 20 samples each. Group A - air abrasion with alumina particles ( = 20); group B - air abrasion with synthetic diamond particles ( = 20).

Combining fluorescent cell barcoding and flow cytometry-based phospho-ERK1/2 detection at short time scales in adherent cells.

Detection of levels of intracellular phospho-proteins is key to analyzing the dynamics of signal transduction in cellular systems. Cell-to-cell variability in the form of differences in protein level in each cell affects signaling and is implicated in prognosis of many diseases. Quantitative analysis of such variability necessitate measuring the protein levels at single-cell resolution.