To compare horizontal strabismus deviation as assessed from photographs with that in the strabismus clinic using the prism bar.

Purpose: To compare the deviation in cases of horizontal strabismus as assessed from photographs with the measurements as obtained in the strabismus clinic.

Methods: After obtaining informed consent, we recruited subjects with manifest horizontal strabismus. We took a frontal flash photograph from a distance of 50 cm using smart-phone-based cameras with the flash light vertically aligned with the lens.

Ocular morbidity and co-morbidities in children attending a nodal district early intervention center in Uttar Pradesh.

Purpose: To obtain epidemiological data on children with ocular morbidity attending a nodal district early intervention center (DEIC).

Methods: : After parental consent, we recruited children with ocular morbidity. After detailed history and clinical evaluation, along with pediatric consultation and relevant neuro-radiological and ancillary investigation, information was entered in a pretested proforma: especially looking for perinatal morbidity, including developmental delay (DD).

Canon CP-TX1 camera - As a screening tool for amblyogenic risk factors.

Purpose: To evaluate the Canon CP-TX1 camera as a screening tool for ARFs in a pediatric population and estimate the prevalence of ARFs.

Methods: In a pediatric outpatient space, largely in the immunization clinic, after obtaining parental consent, we encouraged children to be photographed from a distance of 5 feet in a dim room by using a CP-TX1 camera with the red-eye reduction feature off. Based on the captured red reflex, children were labeled as normal (symmetrical red reflexes in the two eyes, with no visible crescents); all others were considered as abnormal or positive for ARFs.

Economizing strabismus surgery: Using half the double-armed suture for horizontal muscles.

In a developing country like India, both availability and affordability of medical care are obstacles, leading to delay in seeking timely treatment. To reduce the cost incurred to the patients for strabismus surgery, we used half of a 6-0 polyglactin suture for performing common muscle weakening and strengthening procedures: a fixed and hang back recessions with plication and resection. We cut the 45-cm-long double-armed 6-0 polyglactin sutures in two halves, and with a modified approach, used one-half in each of two patients planned for monocular two horizontal muscles surgeries: fixed recession-plication and hang back recession-resection.

Single-snip paralimbal incision: A quick approach to rectus muscles.

Introduction: Less invasive and quicker surgeries have become common. We compared two conjunctival incisional approaches in strabismus, namely Follow standard paralimbal approach for (SPLA) and single-snip paralimbal (SSPLA).

Materials And Methods: Forty-four patients with horizontal strabismus qualifying for uniocular recession-resection surgeries were randomized to SPLA and SSPLA.

Saving space: Comparing mini - logMAR with standard logMAR visual acuity.

Purpose: Assessing visual acuity (VA) is the cornerstone of an ophthalmic workup and needs VA charts in a four or six meters space. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of distant VA (DVA) on one meter mini-logMAR (MLM) with a standard six meter logMAR (SLM) chart.

Methods: We developed a MLM chart to be used at 1 m with +1.