The acceptance of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is continuously increasing to mitigate CO emissions, resulting in an increase in the future material demand for LIBs. Therefore, the proper handling of End-of-life (EOL) BEV batteries requires careful attention to mitigate the supply chain issues for future LIBs materials, especially in Asia. A system dynamics model assessment was performed to evaluate the EOL of LIBs by considering the dynamic lifespan, recovery rate, and economic value under three growth rate scenarios in Asia from 2022 to 2030, depending on the battery chemistry over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe global market for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is continuously increasing which results in higher material demand for the production of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the end of life (EOL) of batteries must be handled properly through reusing or recycling to minimize the supply chain issues in future LIBs. This study analyses the global distribution of EOL lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide batteries from BEVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAchieving reliable energy supply and environment sustainability whereby mitigating CO emissions and promoting sustainable development has become a global effort. Thus, the current study intends to verify the non-linear influence effects of natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy and information and communication technology trade on economic growth and carbon dioxide emission in ten leading CO emitter countries from 20002016. The panel regression, such as pooled regression, model fixed effect, random effects, robust least squares and panel causation procedures are applied for panel data appraisal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the inception of high voltage (HV), requisites on the insulating permanence of HV equipment is becoming increasingly crucial. Mineral/synthetic oil liquid insulation-together with solid insulation materials (paper, pressboard)-is the fundamental insulation constituent in HV apparatuses; their insulation attributes perform a substantial part in a reliable and steady performance. Meanwhile, implications on the environment, scarcity of petroleum oil supplies and discarding complications with waste oil have stimulated investigators to steer their attention towards sustainable, renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly insulating substances.
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