Moderate aerobic training is safe and improves glucose intolerance induced by the association of high fat diet and air pollution.

Obesity and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) are risk factors for insulin resistance, to which physical exercise is the most powerful non-pharmacological strategy. However, public concern over whether exercise could be protective in a polluted environment exists. Therefore, evaluating the possible benefits of exercise in polluted conditions in different contexts (age, gender, and cardiometabolic health) is imperative.

Oxidative and Cellular Stress Markers in Postmenopause Women with Diabetes: The Impact of Years of Menopause.

Women live approximately one-third of their lives in postmenopause. Among postmenopausal women, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. These conditions promote alterations in the oxidative, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory profiles marked by higher extracellular 72 kDa-heat shock protein (eHSP72).

The association of subchronic exposure to low concentration of PM and high-fat diet potentiates glucose intolerance development, by impairing adipose tissue antioxidant defense and eHSP72 levels.

The subchronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption lead to glucose intolerance by different mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Under stressful conditions, the cells exert a heat shock response (HSR), by releasing the 72-kDa heat shock proteins (eHSP72), fundamental chaperones. The depletion of the HSR can exacerbate the chronic inflammation.

Chronic heat treatment positively impacts metabolic profile of ovariectomized rats: association with heat shock response pathways.

Low estrogen levels may predispose women to increased bodyweight and dyslipidemia. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest an involvement of depressed heat shock response (HSR) in this scenario because estrogen potently stimulates HSR. As heat treatment induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory heat shock proteins of the 70-kDa family (HSP70) and its accompanying HSR, we aimed to investigate whether chronic heat treatment promotes beneficial effects on biometric, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and HSR in ovariectomized rats.

Effects of High-Fat Diet on eHSP72 and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Levels in Mice Submitted to Exercise under Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter.

Obesity, air pollution, and exercise induce alterations in the heat shock response (HSR), in both intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70) and the plasmatic extracellular form (eHSP72). Extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio (H-index = eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio) represents a candidate biomarker of subclinical health status. This study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the HSR and oxidative stress parameters, in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter (PM).

Characterization of Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand (Anacardiaceae) Bark Extract and Its Effects on Lymphocyte Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response.

Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand has been used in folk medicine to treat immunoinflammatory related diseases, which are marked by OS and altered HSR. Our study aimed to evaluate OS and HSR in lymphocytes treated with S. lentiscifolius bark extracts.

Detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects.

Previous studies reported that extracellular HSP72 (eHSP72) correlates with poor prognosis, markers of vascular dysfunction, and the severity of cardiovascular diseases, associated with a systemic oxidative and inflammatory profile. On the other hand, eHSP72 may represent immune-regulatory signaling that is related to exercise benefits, but the association between physical activity levels and eHSP72 levels is not established. Thus, since regular physical activity may avoid oxidative stress and inflammation, we investigate whether detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects.

Subacute exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) increases eHSP70 content and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio: a relation with oxidative stress markers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to particles induces an imbalance in 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). Since intracellularly (iHSP70) it has anti-inflammatory roles whereas extracellularly (eHSP70) it has pro-inflammatory roles, we evaluate the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure on eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio (H index), a biomarker of inflammatory status that is related to oxidative stress in plasma and lymphoid tissue. Wistar rats that received ROFA suspension for three consecutive days (750 μg) showed an increase in plasma eHSP70 levels (mainly the 72-kDa inducible form).

Exercise Training under Exposure to Low Levels of Fine Particulate Matter: Effects on Heart Oxidative Stress and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Ratio.

Fine particulate matter (PM) promotes heart oxidative stress (OS) and evokes anti-inflammatory responses observed by increased intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70). Furthermore, PM increases the levels of these proteins in extracellular fluids (eHSP70), which have proinflammatory roles. We investigated whether moderate and high intensity training under exposure to low levels of PM modifies heart OS and the eHSP70 to iHSP70 ratio (H-index), a biomarker of inflammatory status.

Fine particulate matter potentiates type 2 diabetes development in high-fat diet-treated mice: stress response and extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio analysis.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We argue whether the potentiating effect of PM over the development of T2DM in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice would be related to modification in cell stress response, particularly in antioxidant defenses and 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) status. Male mice were fed standard chow or HFD for 12 weeks and then randomly exposed to daily nasotropic instillation of PM for additional 12 weeks under the same diet schedule, divided into four groups (n = 14-15 each): Control, PM, HFD, and HFD + PM were evaluated biometric and metabolic profiles of mice, and cellular stress response (antioxidant defense and HSP70 status) of metabolic tissues.

Estrogen deprivation does not affect vascular heat shock response in female rats: a comparison with oxidative stress markers.

Hot flashes, which involve a tiny rise in core temperature, are the most common complaint of peri- and post-menopausal women, being tightly related to decrease in estrogen levels. On the other hand, estradiol (E2) induces the expression of HSP72, a member of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are cytoprotective, cardioprotective, and heat inducible. Since HSP70 expression is compromised in age-related inflammatory diseases, we argued whether the capacity of triggering a robust heat shock (HS) response would be still present after E2 withdrawal.