Publications by authors named "Ana-Lucia S S Andrade"

Following routine childhood vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in Brazil in 1999, passive laboratory surveillance reported increasing numbers of non-b serotypes and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) from meningitis cases. To characterize this increase, we analyzed data on 3910 H.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PspA is one of the most well studied pneumococcal proteins and a promising candidate for a future protein-based anti-pneumococcal vaccine. Nevertheless, its structural and serological variability suggests the inclusion of more than one PspA molecule in order to broaden protection. Since different PspAs exhibit variable levels of cross-reactivity, the selection of the protein combination with the highest coverage potential is an essential step for PspA-based vaccine development.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To compare the costs and benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination compared with no vaccination from the perspectives of the health care system and society.

Methods: Using data from established sources, we estimated the incidence and mortality due to invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) for a hypothetical birth cohort of children from birth to 5 years.

Results: A universal pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program was estimated capable of annually avoiding 1 047 cases of invasive disease, 58 226 cases of pneumonia, and 209 862 cases of AOM.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PspA is an important candidate for a vaccine with serotype-independent immunity against pneumococcal infections. Based on sequence relatedness, PspA has been classified into three families comprising six clades. We have previously addressed the cross-reactivity of antibodies against PspA fragments containing the N-terminal and proline-rich regions of PspA from clades 1 to 5 (PspA1, PspA2, PspA3, PspA4, and PspA5) by Western blot analysis and reported that anti-PspA4 and anti-PspA5 were able to recognize pneumococci expressing PspA proteins from all of the clades analyzed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important vaccine candidate against pneumococcal infections, capable of inducing protection in different animal models. Based on its structural diversity, it has been suggested that a PspA-based vaccine should contain at least one fragment from each of the two major families (family 1, comprising clades 1 and 2, and family 2, comprising clades 3, 4 and 5) in order to elicit broad protection. This study analysed the recognition of a panel of 35 pneumococcal isolates bearing different PspAs by antisera raised against the N-terminal regions of PspA clades 1 to 5.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Data on the prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and its risk factors among adolescents are scarce. The aim of this study was to provide such information. A cross-sectional, population-based prospective study was conducted.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: This article presents a novel approach based on computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme and wavelet transforms to aid pneumonia diagnosis in children, using chest radiograph images. The prototype system, named Pneumo-CAD, was designed to classify images into presence (PP) or absence of pneumonia (PA).

Materials And Methods: The knowledge database for the Pneumo-CAD comprised chest images confirmed as PP or PA by two radiologists trained to interpret chest radiographs according to the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A comprehensive investigation of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae was carried out in Brazil as part of the programme of the national epidemiological surveillance system. The investigation provided data on the trends of resistance to antimicrobial agents. A total of 6470 isolates of S.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To identify potential prognostic factors for neonatal mortality among newborns referred to intensive care units.

Methods: A live-birth cohort study was carried out in Goiânia, Central Brazil, from November 1999 to October 2000. Linked birth and infant death certificates were used to ascertain the cohort of live born infants.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Urban dengue fever is now considered a major public health threat in most American countries. A household survey was conducted in the city of Goiania in central Brazil in 2001 to assess prevalence of dengue infection and individual and area-based risk factors. Spatial point pattern analysis was performed using the dual Kernel method.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Data from a six-year follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected adolescents enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of benznidazole showed successful chemotherapy in 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 50.2-78.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To assess the impact of the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in reducing the incidence of meningitis among children under five years old.

Methods: A 'before-after' design was used to compare Hib meningitis incidence rates in the pre-vaccine (July 1995 - June 1999) and post-vaccine (July 1999 - June 2001) periods in the state of Goias, central Brazil. Bacterial meningitis case definition was based on World Health Organization criteria.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pneumococcal protein vaccine based on pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is in development with the potential to offer broad range of protection against different strains. We have investigated the frequency of PspA family 1 (Fam1) and family 2 (Fam2) proteins among Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from ongoing surveillance in Brazil. Fam1 and Fam2 were expressed in comparable rates among 366 isolates, with the potential coverage of 94.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a life-threatening Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven B-cell malignancy occurring in 1 to 3% of renal transplant patients. Recently, EBV DNA quantification has become a useful tool for identifying patients at risk of developing PTLD. However, studies on EBV load differ in design, methodology and type of patients.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To assess the magnitude of discrepant results obtained by routine Haemophilus influenzae serotyping, 258 isolates, collected by the epidemiological surveillance system in Brazil from individuals with invasive diseases or carriage, were evaluated by two slide agglutination (SlAg) methods: SlAg method 1, by which strains were initially screened with a serotype b-specific antiserum, and SlAg method 2, by which strains were tested against all serotype-specific antisera in parallel. Investigators comparing results of the two SlAg methods with those obtained by capsule type-specific PCR were blinded to the method used. The serotype prevalence rates found by the three methods were significantly different, involving discrepancies mainly between serotype b and noncapsulated (NC) isolates.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Assessment of cure of Trypanosoma cruzi infection by antibody seroconversion usually involves several years of follow-up. Parasitological negativity is useless for cure assessment, since even untreated patients mostly show negative results; conversely, positive tests are of great value because they indicate treatment failure. Here, PCR was used to assess the rate of specific chemotherapy failure in a well-characterized Brazilian cohort of T.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Acute bacterial meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children less than five years old, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis being the most important agents of bacterial meningitis in developing countries. The development of the conjugate vaccines in the beginning of the 90's, especially type b H. influenzae (Hib), and more recently the heptavalent pneumococcal and the serogroup C meningococcal vaccines, have contributed directly to changes in the epidemiological profile of these invasive diseases (direct effect) and of their carriage status (indirect effect).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Twenty cases of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected patients were reviewed over a 10-year-period, divided into Group A, including 13 NHL cases treated before the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, and Group B, including 7 patients who received HAART. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was performed and log-rank was applied to assess statistical differences between the groups. In group A, the median CD4 count was 36 cells/mm3.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: