Genetically predicted gut bacteria, circulating bacteria-associated metabolites and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has high mortality and rising incidence rates. Recent data indicate that the gut microbiome and associated metabolites may play a role in the development of PDAC. To complement and inform observational studies, we investigated associations of genetically predicted abundances of individual gut bacteria and genetically predicted circulating concentrations of microbiome-associated metabolites with PDAC using Mendelian randomisation (MR).

Associations between Cooking Methods and Socio-Demographic, Dietary, and Anthropometric Factors: Results from the Cross-Sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey.

Introduction: Appropriate cooking methods can improve food safety, decrease contaminants, and increase nutrient bioavailability. Few studies assessed the sociodemographic characterization of their use in European populations. We aimed to characterize the socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric predictors of cooking methods in the Swiss population.

Socioeconomic Position, Pre-Obesity and Obesity in Latin American Cities: A Systematic Review.

Currently the socioeconomic gradient of obesity it is not well understood in the urban population in Latin American. This study reviewed the literature assessing associations between pre-obesity, obesity, and socioeconomic position (SEP) in adults living in urban areas in Latin American countries. PubMed and SciELO databases were used.

Dietary intake of dicarbonyl compounds and changes in body weight over time in a large cohort of European adults.

Dicarbonyl compounds are highly reactive precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE), produced endogenously, present in certain foods and formed during food processing. AGE contribute to the development of adverse metabolic outcomes, but health effects of dietary dicarbonyls are largely unexplored. We investigated associations between three dietary dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), and body weight changes in European adults.

The role of the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancers.

Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers of the biliary tract, share high mortality and rising incidence rates. They may also share several risk factors related to unhealthy western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as increasing body weights and rates of obesity. Recent data also suggest a role for the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancer and other liver pathologies.

A longitudinal evaluation of alcohol intake throughout adulthood and colorectal cancer risk.

Background: Alcohol intake is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is limited knowledge on whether changing alcohol drinking habits during adulthood modifies CRC risk.

Objective: Leveraging longitudinal exposure assessments on alcohol intake at different ages, we examined the relationship between change in alcohol intake and subsequent CRC risk.

Methods: Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, changes in alcohol intake comparing follow-up with baseline assessments were investigated in relation to CRC risk.

Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study.

Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Dietary intake of advanced glycation endproducts and risk of hepatobiliary cancers: A multinational cohort study.

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to liver carcinogenesis because of their proinflammatory and prooxidative properties. Diet is a major source of AGEs, but there is sparse human evidence on the role of AGEs intake in liver cancer etiology. We examined the association between dietary AGEs and the risk of hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospective cohort (n = 450 111).

Plasma concentrations of advanced glycation end-products and colorectal cancer risk in the EPIC study.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the non-enzymatic reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars, or dicarbonyls as intermediate compounds. Experimental studies suggest that AGEs may promote colorectal cancer, but prospective epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. We conducted a case-control study nested within a large European cohort.

Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study Nested within a European Prospective Cohort.

Background: Overexpression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) has been associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) competes with RAGE to bind its ligands, thus potentially preventing RAGE-induced inflammation.

Methods: To investigate whether sRAGE and related genetic variants are associated with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

Socioeconomic Determinants of Sodium Intake in Adult Populations of High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A poorer quality diet among individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) may partly explain the higher burden of noncommunicable disease among disadvantaged populations. Because there is a link between sodium intake and noncommunicable diseases, we systematically reviewed the current evidence on the social patterning of sodium intake.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between SES and sodium intake in healthy adult populations of high-income countries.

Interventions promoting healthy eating as a tool for reducing social inequalities in diet in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Introduction: Diet is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is also strongly patterned by socioeconomic factors. Whether interventions promoting healthy eating reduce social inequalities in diet in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains uncertain. This paper aims to summarize current evidence on interventions promoting healthy eating in LMICs, and to establish whether they reduce social inequalities in diet.

Socioeconomic predictors of dietary patterns among Guatemalan adults.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the associations of socioeconomic factors with dietary patterns in a Guatemalan population.

Methods: Cross-sectional data of 1076 participants (42 % men, mean age 32.6 ± 4.

Educational differences in dietary intake and compliance with dietary recommendations in a Swiss adult population.

Objectives: This study assessed the impact of education on diet and compliance with the national recommendations.

Methods: The study included 4338 adult participants of the Colaus study, a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted between 2009 and 2012 in Lausanne (Switzerland). Education was categorized as primary, apprenticeship, secondary, and tertiary.

Socioeconomic Differences in Dietary Patterns in an East African Country: Evidence from the Republic of Seychelles.

Background: In high income countries, low socioeconomic status (SES) is related to unhealthier dietary patterns, while evidence on the social patterning of diet in low and middle income countries is scarce.

Objective: In this study, we assess dietary patterns in the general population of a middle income country in the African region, the Republic of Seychelles, and examine their distribution according to educational level and income.

Methods: Data was drawn from two independent national surveys conducted in the Seychelles among adults aged 25-64 years in 2004 (n = 1236) and 2013 (n = 1240).

Lost in translation: dietary management of cardiovascular risk factors is seldom implemented.

Objective: To assess dietary management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in the general population.

Method: Cross-sectional study conducted between 2009 and 2012 on 4811 participants (2567 women, 58±11years) living in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Results: Sixteen percent of participants diagnosed with overweight/obesity reported a slimming diet.

Socioeconomic determinants of dietary patterns in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Background: In high-income countries, high socioeconomic status (SES) is generally associated with a healthier diet, but whether social differences in dietary intake are also present in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains to be established.

Objective: We performed a systematic review of studies that assessed the relation between SES and dietary intake in LMICs.

Design: We carried out a systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies in adults in LMICs and published between 1996 and 2013.

Olive oil intake and mortality within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain).

Background: Olive oil consumption is associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data on the effects of olive oil on overall mortality are scarce.

Objective: We evaluated the association between olive oil and overall and cause-specific mortality in the Spanish population in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain).