Is Income and Racial Residential Segregation Associated with 13-Year Changes in Body Mass Index? A Longitudinal Analysis in the Brazilian Pró-Saúde Cohort Study.

Neighborhoods or residential environments have physical and social attributes which may contribute to inequalities in the overweight and obesity pandemic. We examined the longitudinal associations of baseline neighborhood-level income and racial residential segregation (using the Gi* statistic: low, medium, high) with changes in body mass index (BMI in kg/m), using geocoded data from 1821 civil servants in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, followed-up for approximately 13 years (baseline wave 1: 1999, wave 2: 2001-2002, wave 3: 2006-2007, wave 4: 2012-2013). Linear mixed effects models using BMI measured in all four study waves were performed, accounting for gender, race, length of residence, education and time-dependent age, and per capita family income.

SARS-CoV-2 strains and clinical profiles of COVID-19 patients in a Southern Brazil hospital.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had a widespread global impact and presented numerous challenges. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has changed transmission rates and immune evasion, possibly impacting the severity. This study aims to investigate the impact of variants on clinical outcomes in southern Brazil.

"The COVID-19 pandemic in BRICS: Milestones, interventions, and molecular epidemiology".

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) are a group of developing countries with shared economic, healthcare, and scientific interests. These countries navigate multiple syndemics, and the COVID-19 pandemic placed severe strain on already burdened BRICS' healthcare systems, hampering effective pandemic interventions. Genomic surveillance and molecular epidemiology remain indispensable tools for facilitating informed pandemic intervention.

Mast cells and factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma.

There is an interaction between dendrocytes and mast cells in the skin. However, in elastosis-related diseases such as actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC), this interaction remains unknown. We investigated the presence of intact and degranulated mast cells in AC and LLSCC.

[Estimates of mortality from external causes in Brazil, 2010-2019: methodology for redistribution of garbage causes].

Insufficient quality of the underlying cause of death in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), acronym in Portuguese underlists violence and it is necessary to redistribute garbage causes (GC) into valid causes in public health prevention. This study estimated mortality from external causes using the GC redistribution method (GBD-Brazil) and compared it with SIM and estimated data from the GBD-IHME study from 2010 to 2019 in Brazil and its states. The GBD-Brazil GC redistribution algorithm applies previous steps of the GBD-IHME with modifications, using two criteria: proportion of target causes (valid) or reclassification of investigated causes.

Adenomatoid hyperplasia of minor salivary glands: a systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review available data regarding adenomatoid hyperplasia of minor salivary glands (AHMSG).

Study Design: Electronic searches were performed in six databases and gray literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.

On target dosing: erythropoietin exposure in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the HEAL trial.

Background: The High-Dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL) trial for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia demonstrated no neurodevelopmental benefit but was associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events (SAEs). Understanding if targeted Epo plasma exposures were achieved in the HEAL trial and if SAEs were associated with higher exposures would help future therapeutic programs of Epo as a candidate neuroprotective treatment.

Methods: Ancillary study of a subset of HEAL neonates who received Epo (1000 U/kg IV on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7) and had plasma drug concentrations measured.

Microwave-Assisted vs. Conventional Extraction of Seed Oil: Process Optimization and Efficiency Comparison.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave-assisted and conventional extraction using ethanol, hexane, and petroleum ether as solvents, and to optimize the process for extracting oil from Lam. seeds, with a focus on improving food-grade oil production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to enhance the extraction process of the oil.

Exploring the biosorption of nickel and lead by Fusarium sp. biomass: kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic assessment.

Fungal biomass is as a cost-effective and sustainable biosorbent utilized in both active and inactive forms. This study investigated the efficacy of inactivated and dried biomass of Fusarium sp. in adsorbing Ni and Pb from aqueous solutions.

Noncommunicable disease burden in Brazil and its states from 1990 to 2021, with projections for 2030.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the burden of disease due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 1990 and 2021 in Brazil. In addition, this study compared mortality from NCDs with mortality from all causes and COVID-19, analysed NCD mortality trends and projections for 2030, and analysed NCD mortality rates and risk factors attributed to these deaths among the 27 states of Brazil.

Study Design: Ecological studies.

Uncovering new species in vertebrate hosts through metagenome-assembled genomes with potential for sporulation.

Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have contributed to identifying non-culturable microorganisms and understanding their ecological functions. MAGs offer an advantage in investigating sporulation-associated genes, especially given the difficulty of isolating many species residing in the gut microbiota of multiple hosts. Bacterial sporulation is a key survival mechanism with implications for pathogenicity and biotechnology.

Gender inequalities in oral medicine and pathology research: Temporal trends of two decades.

Objectives: To analyze gender inequities and trends in the authorship of articles published in high-impact factor journals of the field of Oral Medicine and Pathology.

Methods: The gender and country of first and last authors were retrieved from original articles published between 2000 and 2022. Poisson regression models and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were performed.

Local anesthesia nerve block for managing burning mouth syndrome: a scoping review.

Objective: To assess the clinical scenarios in which nerve blocks are employed in the context of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

Study Design: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR. A protocol was generated on Open Science Framework.

Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia in young patients: a southern Brazilian multicenter study.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency of oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia among young patients from three Brazilian reference centers in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. A retrospective study was carried out from 2011 to 2021 on 861 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia. Demographic and clinicopathological data were evaluated.

SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a highly vulnerable population of Brazil: a household cohort study.

Background: Household transmission studies seek to understand the transmission dynamics of a pathogen by estimating the risk of infection from household contacts and community exposures. We estimated within/extra-household SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and associated factors in a household cohort study in one of the most vulnerable neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro city.

Methods: Individuals ≥1 years-old with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the past 30 days (index cases) and household members aged ≥1 year were enrolled and followed at 14 and 28 days (study period November/2020-December/2021).

Predicting novel mosquito-associated viruses from metatranscriptomic dark matter.

The exponential growth of metatranscriptomic studies dedicated to arboviral surveillance in mosquitoes has yielded an unprecedented volume of unclassified sequences referred to as the virome dark matter. Mosquito-associated viruses are classified based on their host range into Mosquito-specific viruses (MSV) or Arboviruses. While MSV replication is restricted to mosquito cells, Arboviruses infect both mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts.

Living in mangroves: a syntrophic scenario unveiling a resourceful microbiome.

Background: Mangroves are complex and dynamic coastal ecosystems under frequent fluctuations in physicochemical conditions related to the tidal regime. The frequent variation in organic matter concentration, nutrients, and oxygen availability, among other factors, drives the microbial community composition, favoring syntrophic populations harboring a rich and diverse, stress-driven metabolism. Mangroves are known for their carbon sequestration capability, and their complex and integrated metabolic activity is essential to global biogeochemical cycling.

Co-occurrence of PRKN and SYNJ1 variants in Early-Onset Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease globally, with a fast-growing prevalence. The etiology of PD exhibits a multifactorial complex nature and remains challenging. Herein, we described clinical, molecular, and integrative bioinformatics findings from a Brazilian female affected by Early-Onset PD (EOPD) harboring a recurrent homozygous pathogenic deletion in the parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase gene (PRKN; NM_004562.

SARS-CoV-2 Research in Dogs () and Felines () Domiciled in an International Border Region (Paraguay and Brazil).

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has become a serious threat to public health owing to its rapid spread from aerosols from infected people. Despite being considered a strictly human disease, there are reports in the literature about animals with confirmed presence of the virus. Owing to the scarcity of scientific literature on the potential for infection of animals and their importance for One Health, the objective of this work was to research SARS-CoV-2 RNA in felines (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) domiciled.

Understanding the (epi)genetic dysregulation in Parkinson's disease through an integrative brain competitive endogenous RNA network.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly growing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) and aggregation of α-synuclein. Its aetiology involves a multifaceted interplay among genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. We integrated brain gene expression data from PD patients to construct a comprehensive regulatory network encompassing messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and, for the first time, RNA binding proteins (RBPs).

Whole genomes show contrasting trends of population size changes and genomic diversity for an Amazonian endemic passerine over the late quaternary.

The "Amazon tipping point" is a global change scenario resulting in replacement of upland forests by large-scale "savannization" of mostly southern and eastern Amazon. Reduced rainfall accompanying the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) has been proposed to have acted as such a tipping point in the past, with the prediction that inhabiting species should have experienced reductions in population size as drier habitats expanded. Here, we use whole-genomes of an Amazonian endemic organism (Scale-backed antbirds - spp.