Label-free detection of hypoxia-induced extracellular vesicle secretion from MCF-7 cells.

Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes (50-150 nm membrane particles) have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers due to the carried genetic information about the parental cells. However the sensitive detection of these vesicles remains a challenge. Here we present a label-free electrochemical sensor to measure the EVs secretion levels of hypoxic and normoxic MCF-7 cells.