Pathogenesis and New Pharmacological Approaches to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is responsible for significant adverse effects on cognition, quality of life and work, social relationships, motor skills, and other psychological aspects. The severity of NIHL depends on individual patient characteristics, sound intensity, and mainly the duration of sound exposure. NIHL leads to the production of a reactive oxygen (ROS) inflammatory response and the activation of apoptotic pathways, DNA fragmentation, and cell death.

A comparative morphologic and morphometric study about geniculate ganglion development in man and in rat.

Conclusions: Human-rat geniculate ganglion (GG) have multiple origins: (1) An initial proximity (20 μm) to the endocranial foramen of the IAM, suggests neural crest induction; and (2) The influence of epibranchial placodes: the tensor tympani muscle (TTM) and the otic apical coil.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the comparative development of human-rat GG.

Materials And Methods: A light microscopic study of the GG in human material obtained from spontaneous abortions at 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, and 30 weeks, and one neonate was done.

Effect of neonatal asphyxia on the impairment of the auditory pathway by recording auditory brainstem responses in newborn piglets: a new experimentation model to study the perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage on the auditory system.

Introduction: Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major perinatal problem that results in severe damage to the brain impairing the normal development of the auditory system. The purpose of the present study is to study the effect of perinatal asphyxia on the auditory pathway by recording auditory brain responses in a novel animal experimentation model in newborn piglets.

Method: Hypoxia-ischemia was induced to 1.

Biomolecular bases of the senescence process and cancer. A new approach to oncological treatment linked to ageing.

Human ageing is associated with a gradual decline in the physiological functions of the body at multiple levels and it is a key risk factor for many diseases, including cancer. Ageing process is intimately related to widespread cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible loss of proliferative capacity and altered functioning associated with telomere attrition, accumulation of DNA damage and compromised mitochondrial and metabolic function. Tumour and senescent cells may be generated in response to the same stimuli, where either cellular senescence or transformation would constitute two opposite outcomes of the same degenerative process.

Inner ear hair cell regeneration: A look from the past to the future.

Most recent studies on regeneration of inner ear hair cells focus on use of stem cells, gene therapy and neurotrophic factors. Cochlear gene therapy has been successfully used in the treatment of neurosensory hearing loss. This suggests that cochlear hair cell regeneration is possible.

DLK1 regulates branching morphogenesis and parasympathetic innervation of salivary glands through inhibition of NOTCH signalling.

Background Information: Delta-like proteins 1 and 2 (DLK1, 2) are NOTCH receptor ligands containing epidermal growth factor-like repeats, which regulate NOTCH signalling. We investigated the role of DLK and the NOTCH pathway in the morphogenesis of the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs), using in vitro organotypic cultures.

Results: DLK1 and 2 were present in all stages of SMG morphogenesis, where DLK1 inhibited both NOTCH activity and SMG branching.

Morphological and morphometric study on human Scarpa ganglion development.

Conclusion: In Scarpa neurons the cell and nuclear area increases and nuclear/cytoplasm ratio decreases with fetal age (p < 0.0001). There are statistically significant differences in cell area between all fetal groups, except for the interval 45-74 mm crown-rump-length (CRL).

Usefulness of the BAST-24 smell and taste test in the study of diabetic patients: a new approach to the determination of renal function.

Conclusion: A reduction in the percentage of correct responses in the olfactory test indirectly indicated increased albuminuria and worse glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients. The olfactory function test is an indirect indicator of early microvascular complications in diabetic patients.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent disease that causes numerous complications.

Principles of cranial base ossification in humans and rats.

Conclusions: 1. The principle of bilateral symmetry depends on the chordal cartilage that is the keystone in cranial base ossification in rats and humans, due to its anatomical situation and for the production of the chordin protein that regulates the bone morphogenetic protein BMP-7. 2.

Activity of soluble aminopeptidase A and dipeptidyl peptidase IV and membrane-bound aminopeptidase B and pyroglutamyl peptidase I in adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar hyperplasia and chronic tonsillitis.

Objective: To analyze soluble and membrane-bound peptidase activities in the tonsils and adenoids removed from patients with adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar hyperplasia and chronic tonsillitis.

Methods: A total of 48 tissue samples from patients undergoing adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar hyperplasia or chronic tonsillitis were analyzed. The catalytic activity of a pool of peptidases in the soluble (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase N and cystinyl aminopeptidase) and membrane-bound (prolyl endopeptidase, aspartyl aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase B and pyroglutamyl peptidase I) fractions was measured fluorometrically.

Evaluation of cochlear function in normal-hearing young adults exposed to MP3 player noise by analyzing transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion products.

Objective: Exposure to recreational noise may cause injuries to the inner ear, and transient evoked (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) may identify these cochlear alterations. The goal of this study was to evaluate TEOAEs and DPOAEs as a method to diagnose early cochlear alterations in young adults exposed to MP3 player noise.

Material And Methods: We performed a prospective study of the cochlear function in normal-hearing MP3 player users by analyzing TEOAE and DPOAE incidence, amplitude, and spectral content.

Evaluation of the influence of visual stimulation in the active mechanisms of the organ of Corti by analyzing the changes in the amplitude of distortion products.

Introduction: The central nervous system can regulate the input of information to the cochlea by means of the activity of the olivocochlear efferent system on the active micromechanisms of the organ of Corti. This article discusses a quantitative study of the inhibitory phenomenon that visual tasks exert on active cochlear micromechanisms.

Material And Method: We studied prospectively the characteristics of distortion products (DPs) in 80 normal ears, with and without visual stimulation.

Evaluation of the frequency selectivity of contralateral acoustic stimulation on the active mechanisms of the organ of corti by analyzing the changes in the amplitude of transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion products.

Introduction: The central nervous system can regulate the input of acoustic information to the cochlea by means of the olivocochlear efferent system's action on the organ of Corti. The aim of this study was to determine whether the suppressor effect of contralateral acoustic stimulation shows frequency selectivity in active cochlear mechanisms by recording transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Material And Method: We conducted a prospective study of 56 subjects with normal-hearing ears aged 20 to 22 years (mean 5 20.

Mandibular Metastasis of a Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Patient who Underwent Bilateral Mastectomy more than 25 Years Earlier.

SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: Metastatic tumors account for less than 1% of all malignant tumors occurring in the oral cavity. CASE REPORT: The clinical case of a 94-year-old patient with a mandibular tumor is reported here. The patient had undergone bilateral mastectomy more than 25 years before.

Evaluation of cochlear function in patients with tinnitus using spontaneous and transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Objective: The aim of this paper has been to investigate the cochlear function and the basic properties of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in patients with tinnitus using Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions (SOAEs) and Transitory Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs).

Materials And Methods: We have analyzed the incidence, amplitude and spectral content of hearing thresholds, SOAEs and TEOAEs in a sample of 44 ears. We have measured incidence, intensity, frequency, number of peaks and amplitude of emission and their variability across frequency range from 500 to 5000 Hz.

The predictive value of clinical and epidemiological parameters in the identification of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA): a clinical prediction algorithm in the evaluation of OSA.

We sought to analyze the predictive value of anthropometric, clinical and epidemiological parameters in the identification of patients with suspected OSA, and their relationship with apnoea/hypopnoea respiratory events during sleep. We studied retrospectively 433 patients with OSA, 361 men (83.37%) and 72 women (16.