From Genetics to Psychosocial Functioning: Unraveling the Mediating Roles of Cognitive Reserve, Cognition, and Negative Symptoms in First-Episode Psychosis.

Background: Studies have shown associations between polygenic risk scores for educational attainment (PRS), cognitive reserve (CR), cognition, negative symptoms (NS), and psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, their specific interactions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of CR, cognition, and NS in the relationship between PRS and psychosocial functioning one year after a FEP.

Interrelationships between polygenic risk scores, cognition, symptoms, and functioning in first-episode psychosis: A network analysis approach.

Psychopathological manifestations and cognitive impairments are core features of psychotic disorders. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) offer insights into the relationships between genetic vulnerability, symptomatology, and cognitive impairments. This study used a network analysis to explore the connections between PRS, cognition, psychopathology, and overall functional outcomes in individuals experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP).

Antipsychotic discontinuation in nonaffective first-episode psychosis after clinical remission: Insights from the PEPsNa naturalistic study.

The predictors of clinical evolution after nonaffective first-episode psychosis (NAFEP) have yet to be fully elucidated. It is important to weigh the long-term benefits of maintained antipsychotic (AP) treatment against the risks of relapse upon discontinuation. Between January 2017 and December 2022, we recruited 211 NAFEP patients from the Programa de Primeros Episodios Psicóticos de Navarra (PEPsNa) who achieved clinical remission within two years and continued follow-up.

Sex differences in prolactin levels and clinical outcomes in patients with a first psychotic episode.

Aim: To analyze the clinical, neurocognitive, and functional impact of prolactin levels according to sex in patients with a First Episode Psychosis (FEP).

Methods: We measured prolactin levels in 221 non-affective FEP patients treated with antipsychotics (AP) and 224 healthy controls, at baseline and 2-year follow-up. We examined whether the relationships between clinical and functional variables were mediated by prolactin, controlling for antipsychotic use, according to sex.

Neurocognitive and social cognitive correlates of social exclusion in psychotic disorders: a 20-year follow-up cohort study.

Purpose: Little is known about the relationship between social exclusion and cognitive impairment in psychosis. We conducted a long-term cohort study of first-episode psychosis to examine the association between comprehensive measures of cognitive impairment and social exclusion assessed at follow-up.

Methods: A total of 173 subjects with first-episode psychosis were assessed after a 20-year follow-up for 7 cognitive domains and 12 social exclusion indicators.

Emotional intelligence and neurocognition profiles in first-episode psychosis: A two-year follow-up study.

Emotional intelligence (EI) and neurocognition (NC) impairments are common in first-episode psychosis (FEP), yet their evolution over time remains unclear. This study identified patient profiles in EI and NC performance in FEP. 98 adult FEP patients and 128 healthy controls (HCs) were tested on clinical, functional, EI, and NC variables at baseline and two-year follow-up (FUP).

The association of adverse childhood experiences with long-term outcomes of psychosis: a 21-year prospective cohort study after a first episode of psychosis.

Background: Evidence suggests a possible relationship between exposure to childhood adversity (CA) and functional impairment in psychosis. However, the impact of CA on long-term outcomes of psychotic disorders remains poorly understood.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-three patients were assessed at their first episode of psychosis for CA and re-assessed after a mean of 21 years of follow-up for several outcome domains, including symptoms, functioning, quality of life, cognitive performance, neurological dysfunction, and comorbidity.

Social exclusion as a major outcome domain of psychotic disorders: early predictors, and associations with non-recovery and clinical staging 21 years after a first episode of psychosis.

Purpose: People with psychotic disorders have high levels of social exclusion; however, little is known about its early predictors. We present a long-term observational cohort study aimed at examining early risk factors for later social exclusion.

Methods: A total of 243 subjects were assessed at their first psychotic episode for early risk factors including sociodemographic variables, familial risk of major mental disorders, perinatal complications, childhood factors, and adolescent factors and re-assessed after a mean follow-up of 21 years for 12 social exclusion domains: leisure activities, housing, work, income, neighborhood deprivation, educational attainment, physical and mental health, family and social support, legal competence, and discrimination.

Negative symptoms and sex differences in first episode schizophrenia: What's their role in the functional outcome? A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Negative symptoms (NS) include asociality, avolition, anhedonia, alogia, and blunted affect and are linked to poor prognosis. It has been suggested that they reflect two different factors: diminished expression (EXP) (blunted affect and alogia) and amotivation/pleasure (MAP) (anhedonia, avolition, asociality). The aim of this article was to examine potential sex differences among first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and analyze sex-related predictors of two NS symptoms factors (EXP and MAP) and functional outcome.

Effectiveness of the early intervention service for first-episode psychosis in Navarra (PEPsNa): Broadening the scope of outcome measures.

Background: This study compares the effectiveness of a new early intervention service for firstepisode psychosis (FEP) in patients under conventional treatment. Six primary and 10 secondary outcome measures are used to better characterize the comparative effectiveness between two FEP groups.

Methods: This study plans to enroll 250 patients aged 15-55 years with FEP from all inpatient and outpatient mental health services and primary health care from January 2020 until December 2022.

Additive effects of a family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and an environmental risk score for the outcome of patients with non-affective first-episode psychosis.

Background: First-episode psychotic disorders comprise a heterogeneous phenotype with a complex etiology involving numerous common small-effect genetic variations and a wide range of environmental exposures. We examined whether a family of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (FH-Sz) interacts with an environmental risk score (ERS-Sz) regarding the outcome of patients with non-affective first episode psychosis (NAFEP).

Methods: We included 288 patients with NAFEP who were evaluated after discharge from an intensive 2-year program.

Long-term trajectories of clinical staging in first-episode psychosis and their associated cognitive outcome: A 21-year follow-up study.

Cognitive deficits are already present before psychosis onset but are a key feature of first-episode psychosis (FEP). The objective of this study was to investigate the cognitive outcomes of a cohort of FEP patients who were diagnosed using the clinical staging approach and were followed for up to 21 years. We analyzed data from 173 participants with first-admission psychosis who were followed-up for a mean of 20.

European reference network for rare inherited congenital anomalies (ERNICA) evidence based guideline on the management of gastroschisis.

Background: The European Reference Network for rare Inherited Congenital Anomalies, ERNICA, guidelines for gastroschisis cover perinatal period to help teams to improve care.

Method: A systematic literature search including 136 publications was conducted. Research findings were assessed following the GRADE methodology.

The effect of anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications on major outcome domains of psychotic disorders: A 21-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Most medications used to treat psychotic disorders possess anticholinergic properties. This may result in a considerable anticholinergic burden (ACB), which may have deleterious effects on long-term outcomes. The extent to which cumulative ACB over years of treatment with psychotropic medications impacts different outcome domains remains unknown.

20-Year trajectories of six psychopathological dimensions in patients with first-episode psychosis: Could they be predicted?

Patients with first-episode psychoses (FEP) exhibit heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and outcomes. This study investigated the long-term trajectories of six key psychopathological dimensions (reality-distortion, negative, disorganization, catatonia, mania and depression) in patients diagnosed with FEP. A total of 243 patients were followed up for 20 years and the trajectories of the dimensions were analysed using growth mixture modelling.

Difficulties during delivery, brain ventricle enlargement and cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis.

Background: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) display clinical, cognitive, and structural brain abnormalities at illness onset. Ventricular enlargement has been identified in schizophrenia since the initial development of neuroimaging techniques. Obstetric abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis but also with cognitive impairment and brain structure abnormalities.

Long-term diagnostic stability, predictors of diagnostic change, and time until diagnostic change of first-episode psychosis: a 21-year follow-up study.

Background: Although diagnostic instability in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is of major concern, little is known about its determinants. This very long-term follow-up study aimed to examine the diagnostic stability of FEP diagnoses, the baseline predictors of diagnostic change and the timing of diagnostic change.

Methods: This was a longitudinal and naturalistic study of 243 subjects with FEP who were assessed at baseline and reassessed after a mean follow-up of 21 years.

Small area variations in non-affective first-episode psychosis: the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Background: There is strong evidence supporting the association between environmental factors and increased risk of non-affective psychotic disorders. However, the use of sound statistical methods to account for spatial variations associated with environmental risk factors, such as urbanicity, migration, or deprivation, is scarce in the literature.

Methods: We studied the geographical distribution of non-affective first-episode psychosis (NA-FEP) in a northern region of Spain (Navarra) during a 54-month period considering area-level socioeconomic indicators as putative explanatory variables.

Corrigendum: Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.

A clinical staging model of psychotic disorders based on a long-term follow-up of first-admission psychosis: A validation study.

We examined the empirical validity of a staging model of psychotic disorders primarily based on their long-term course. The model distinguished 6 consecutive stages (2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B) based on symptom recurrence, persistence and progression, such as functional decline. We analyzed data from 243 participants with first-admission psychosis who were followed-up for a mean of 20.

Psychopathological networks in psychosis: Changes over time and clinical relevance. A long-term cohort study of first-episode psychosis.

Background: First-episode psychosis is a critical period for early interventions to reduce the risk of poor outcomes and relapse as much as possible. However, uncertainties about the long-term outcomes of symptomatology remain to be ascertained.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to use network analysis to investigate first-episode and long-term stages of psychosis at three levels of analysis: micro, meso and macro.

Relapse, cognitive reserve, and their relationship with cognition in first episode schizophrenia: a 3-year follow-up study.

Schizophrenia is frequently characterized by the presence of multiple relapses. Cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia. Cognitive reserve (CR) is the ability of the brain to compensate for damage caused by pathologies such as psychotic illness.