Intrasession repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of ICP Tearscope measurements of tear meniscus height and non-invasive breakup time.

Purpose: To examine intrasession repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of tear meniscus height (TMH) and non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) measurements provided by ICP Tearscope, and their agreement with Keratograph 5 M measurements in persons with and without dry eye.

Methods: Participants were 48 individuals with dry eye disease (DED) and 44 healthy controls. To determine intrasession repeatability, two consecutive TMH and NIBUT measurements were carried out by a single experienced examiner using ICP Tearscope.

Intrasession repeatability and agreement of the anterior corneal assessment provided by a multidiagnostic device.

Clinical Relevance: Multidiagnostic systems have recently appeared on the market. Knowledge of the repeatability and validity of any instrument is mandatory before its introduction in clinical practice.

Background: The aim of this work is to examine the intrasession repeatability of anterior pole measurements provided by the multidiagnostic device Wave Analyzer Medica 700 (WAM700) and agreement with Pentacam measurements in normal eyes.

Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Rasch Analysis of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS).

Purpose: To culturally and linguistically adapt the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) to Spanish and assess the psychometric performance of the new version through Rasch analysis and classical test theory methods.

Methods: The Spanish version of the CISS (CISS) was completed by 449 subjects (9-30 years old) from the general population. The validity and reliability of CISS were assessed through Rasch statistics (precision, targeting, item fit, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning).

The role of clinical diagnosis criteria on the frequency of accommodative insufficiency.

Aim: To estimate and compare the frequency of accommodative insufficiency (AI) within the same clinical population sample depending on the type of clinical criteria used for diagnosis. Comparing the frequency within the same population would help to minimize bias due to sampling or methodological variability.

Methods: Retrospective study of 205 medical records of symptomatic subjects free of any organic cause and symptoms persisting despite optical compensation evaluated.

Symptoms associated with reading from a smartphone in conditions of light and dark.

Asthenopia symptoms were investigated in visually-normal subjects without computer-related vision symptoms after prolonged reading from: smartphone versus hardcopy under photopic conditions, and smartphone in conditions of ambient versus dark room illumination. After reading from the smartphone, total symptom scores and nine out of ten questionnaire symptoms were significantly worse than for the hardcopy ("blurred vision while viewing the text, "blurred distance vision after the task", "difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another", "irritated or burning eyes", "dry eyes", "eyestrain", "tired eyes", "sensitivity to bright lights" and "eye discomfort"). Mean total symptom scores and scores for "irritated or burning eyes" and "dry eyes" were significantly higher for the dark versus photopic conditions.