New evidence of alternative migration patterns for two Mediterranean potamodromous species.

Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) and Iberian nase (Pseudochondrostoma polylepis Steindachner, 1864) are two Mediterranean potamodromous fish species known to perform annual upstream migrations to reach spring spawning grounds. In the Mondego River basin, at the Coimbra dam, migratory movement patterns and individual size structure were assessed through a video recording monitoring system installed on an upstream section of a vertical-slot fish pass. Visual census for these target species during two consecutive annual cycles (2013-2014) revealed alternative migratory patterns, with the first peak of upstream movements in autumn, for both barbel (October-November) and nase (November-December).

Applicability of metabolomics to improve sustainable grapevine production.

Metabolites represent the end product of gene expression, protein interaction and other regulatory mechanisms. The metabolome reflects a biological system's response to genetic and environmental changes, providing a more accurate description of plants' phenotype than the transcriptome or the proteome. Grapevine ( L.

The Influence of (Poly)phenol Intake in Saliva Proteome: Short- and Medium-Term Effects of Apple.

The relationship between salivary proteome and dietary habits was studied in previous works, where a relationship between salivary proteins like cystatins and polyphenol/tannin levels in diet was observed. However, it remains to be elucidated if this association results from an effect of polyphenol-rich food ingestion on saliva composition. The aim of this work was to test the effects of apple intake on the saliva proteome, both in the short and medium term (after 4 days of continuous intake).

What do oysters smell? Electrophysiological evidence that the bivalve osphradium is a chemosensory organ in the oyster, Magallana gigas.

The sensing of chemical cues is essential for several aspects of bivalve biology, such as the detection of food and pheromones. However, little is known about chemical communication systems in bivalves or the possible role of the osphradium as a chemosensory organ. To address this, we adapted an electrophysiological technique extensively used in vertebrates-the electro-olfactogram-to record from the osphradium in the Pacific oyster, Magallana gigas.

Exploring the Applicability of Calorespirometry to Assess Seed Metabolic Stability Upon Temperature Stress Conditions- L. Used as a Case Study.

The availability of phenotyping tools to assist breeding programs in the selection of high-quality crop seeds is of obvious interest with consequences for both seed producers and consumers. Seed germination involves the activation of several metabolic pathways, such as cellular respiration to provide the required ATP and reducing power. This work tested the applicability of calorespirometry, the simultaneous measurement of heat and CO rates, as a phenotyping tool to assess seed respiratory properties as a function of temperature.

Assessment of Total Fat and Fatty Acids in Walnuts Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging.

"Persian" walnut ( L.) is one of the most consumed tree nuts in the world. It is rich in several bioactive compounds, with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) appearing at high concentrations.

Response of Mycorrhizal 'Touriga Nacional' Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. 'Touriga Nacional' variety grapevines, inoculated or not with or were used in this study.

Comparative study on the use of three different near infrared spectroscopy recording methodologies for varietal discrimination of walnuts.

Walnut fruit (Juglans regia L.) is an internationally well-known product with an important tradition of consumption. Its health benefits and economic importance in the food industry make this nut an interesting research topic.

Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of farmed oysters () fed different ratios of dietary seaweed and microalgae during broodstock conditioning.

The Pacific oyster () culture has been expanding, thereby leading to a greater importance of hatcheries. Broodstock conditioning is very important in the hatchery process, in which diet composition may have a strong influence on the offspring production and quality. Therefore, the current study evaluated elemental composition and bioaccessibility of oysters fed different ratios of dietary seaweed (SW) and microalgae.

Fatty Acid Profile of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Fed Different Ratios of Dietary Seaweed and Microalgae during Broodstock Conditioning.

The fatty acid (FA) profile of oysters generally reflects the dietary FA composition. Moreover, incorporation of FA into tissues is modulated by various metabolic factors, and final composition will depend upon the dietary sources, cumulative intake, and oysters' development stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary incorporation of seaweed (SW) Ulva rigida, in replacement of traditional microalgae diet, on the FA composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, during broodstock conditioning.

Predicting calcium in grape must and base wine by FT-NIR spectroscopy.

Calcium content in sparkling wines may not exceed 80 mg/L due to the risk of aggregation with alginate capsules. The high calcium content usually found in wine and must emphasizes the need to develop alternative and appropriate techniques faster and cleaner than atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). To obtain a robust model to predict calcium content, FT-NIR spectroscopy was used in 98 base white wine samples and 60 must samples from an Alentejo winery.

Comparison of butterfly volumetric modulated arc therapy to full arc with or without deep inspiration breath hold for the treatment of mediastinal lymphoma.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for mediastinal lymphoma but induces late effects including cardiac toxicity and secondary breast and lung cancer. Therefore reducing the dose to these organs is vital. We compared full arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (F-VMAT) against limited angle 'Butterfly' VMAT (B-VMAT) on free breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) computed tomography scans.

Viability of dietary substitution of live microalgae with dry in broodstock conditioning of the Pacific oyster ().

The current study evaluated the microalgae replacement by dry macroalgae () in the reproductive success and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster () during broodstock conditioning. Five nutritional regimes were tested: 100% macroalgae (diet 1), 50% macroalgae+50% microalgae (diet 2), 25% macroalgae+75% microalgae (diet 3) and 100% microalgae (diet 4). An unfed group was used as a negative control.

Chemical diplomacy in male tilapia: urinary signal increases sex hormone and decreases aggression.

Androgens, namely 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), have a central role in male fish reproductive physiology and are thought to be involved in both aggression and social signalling. Aggressive encounters occur frequently in social species, and fights may cause energy depletion, injury and loss of social status. Signalling for social dominance and fighting ability in an agonistic context can minimize these costs.

Identity of a tilapia pheromone released by dominant males that primes females for reproduction.

Knowledge of the chemical identity and role of urinary pheromones in fish is scarce, yet it is necessary in order to understand the integration of multiple senses in adaptive responses and the evolution of chemical communication [1]. In nature, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) males form hierarchies, and females mate preferentially with dominant territorial males, which they visit in aggregations or leks [2]. Dominant males have thicker urinary bladder muscular walls than subordinates or females and store large volumes of urine, which they release at increased frequency in the presence of subordinate males or preovulatory, but not postspawned, females [3-5].

[Beliefs and attitudes of professionals about marital violence: studies with health professionals, policemen and teachers].

This article presents a set of three research projects that aimed to characterize the beliefs about marital violence of the professionals most directly implied in the response and prevention of this problem. A research questionnaire that evaluates beliefs about marital violence was administered to a sample of 226 health professionals, 85 law enforcement agents and 280 teachers. On the global results show a tendency to moderate disagreement with beliefs that legitimize this form of abuse.