Mathematical Characterization of Changes in Fear During Exposure Therapy.

Background: During exposure therapy, patients report increases in fear that generally decrease within and across exposure sessions. Our main aim was to characterize these changes in fear ratings mathematically; a secondary aim was to test whether the resulting model would help to predict treatment outcome.

Methods: We applied tools of computational psychiatry to a previously published dataset in which 30 women with spider phobia were randomly assigned to virtual-reality exposures in a single context or in multiple contexts (n = 15 each).

Low doses of ionizing radiation activate endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis in peritumoral tissues.

Purpose: During radiotherapy the peritumoral tissues are daily exposed to subtherapeutic doses of ionizing radiation. Herein, the biological and molecular effects of doses lower than 0.8 Gy per fraction (LDIR), previously described as angiogenesis inducers, were assessed in human peritumoral tissues.

Low doses of ionizing radiation activate endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis in peritumoral tissues.

Purpose: During radiotherapy the peritumoral tissues are daily exposed to subtherapeutic doses of ionizing radiation. Herein, the biological and molecular effects of doses lower than 0.8 Gy per fraction (LDIR), previously described as angiogenesis inducers, were assessed in human peritumoral tissues.