Three-dimensional vascular microenvironment landscape in human glioblastoma.

The cellular complexity of glioblastoma microenvironments is still poorly understood. In-depth, cell-resolution tissue analyses of human material are rare but highly necessary to understand the biology of this deadly tumor. Here we present a unique 3D visualization revealing the cellular composition of human GBM in detail and considering its critical association with the neo-vascular niche.

Phagocytic glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages populate invading pseudopalisades.

Hypoxic pseudopalisades are a pathological hallmark of human glioblastoma, which is linked to tumour malignancy and aggressiveness. Yet, their function and role in the tumour development have scarcely been explored. It is thought that pseudopalisades are formed by malignant cells escaping from the hypoxic environment, although evidence of the immune component of pseudopalisades has been elusive.

Imbalance of immunological synapse-kinapse states reflects tumor escape to immunity in glioblastoma.

Since the proper activation of T cells requires the physical interaction with target cells through the formation of immunological synapses (IS), an alteration at this level could be a reason why tumors escape the immune response. As part of their life cycle, it is thought that T cells alternate between a static phase, the IS, and a dynamic phase, the immunological kinapse (IK), depending on high or low antigen sensing. Our investigation performed in tissue samples of human glioma shows that T cells are able to establish synapsing interactions not only with glioma tumorigenic cells, but also with stromal myeloid cells.

Imaging the microanatomy of astrocyte-T-cell interactions in immune-mediated inflammation.

The role of astrocytes in the immune-mediated inflammatory response in the brain is more prominent than previously thought. Astrocytes become reactive in response to neuro-inflammatory stimuli through multiple pathways, contributing significantly to the machinery that modifies the parenchymal environment. In particular, astrocytic signaling induces the establishment of critical relationships with infiltrating blood cells, such as lymphocytes, which is a fundamental process for an effective immune response.

[Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with intraventricular extension and anaplastic transformation in an adult patient: Case report].

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, low-grade astrocytic tumour that usually occurs in the superficial cerebral hemispheres of children and young adults. Although it has a relatively favourable prognosis, malignant progression of these tumours has been described. Therefore, we present an unusual case of a 54-year-old male with a right, multicystic, parietooccipital tumour extending through the ipsilateral ventricle.

Distribution of human papillomavirus types in women from Valencia, Spain, with abnormal cytology.

Objective: To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types among cervical smears using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to contribute to the knowledge of human papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of oncogenic types in cervical lesions in Spain.

Study Design: Consensus PCR and direct s quencing of PCR products (DNA HPV typing) were used in a retrospective study to determinate the type or types of HPVon 974 cytology smears of women with abnormal cytology results.

Results: Of 974 smears, 79.

Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus findings in swab specimens from gynaecology clinics of the east coast of Spain.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) among females in the east coast of Spain. A total of 1956 women visiting gynaecology clinics for routine check-ups were included in the study. Swabs were analyzed for HPV DNA by consensus polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing.

Infiltrating CTLs in human glioblastoma establish immunological synapses with tumorigenic cells.

The immunological synapse between T cells and tumor cells is believed to be important for effective tumor clearance. However, the immunological synapse has never been imaged or analyzed in detail in human tissue. In this work, intercellular interactions between T cells and tumor cells were analyzed in detail in human glioblastoma.

[Chondromyxoid fibroma of the left maxillary and ethmoid sinuses].

Chondromyxoid fibroma is an infrequent bone tumour in the craniofacial bones and exceptional in the paranasal sinuses. This unusual location, its non-specific clinical manifestation and aggressive behaviour with local destruction and a high recurrence rate can complicate precise diagnosis and treatment.

Transformation of vulvar pseudolymphoma (lymphoma-like lesion) into a marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of labium majus.

Lymphomas arising in the female genital tract are extremely uncommon. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma are the most common types. We describe the case of an 80-year-old woman with a recurrent lesion in the vulva initially diagnosed as a lymphoma-like lesion and evolving 7 years later into a marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma).

Malignant fibrohistiocytoma of the parotid region. Report of a case.

Most salivary gland tumors are benign, malignant lesions accounting for 15-30% of the total. The most frequent site of salivary gland neoplasms is the parotid gland (80% of all cases). We present a case of malignant fibrohistiocytoma with atypical features due to its location (in the parotid region), size and rapid growth.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the thigh with epithelioid features: a case report.

Background: Extrapleural Solitary Fibrous tumors (SFTs) have been increasingly reported. The retroperitoneum, deep soft tissues of proximal extremities, abdominal cavity, trunk, head and neck are the most common extraserosal locations reported. Microscopically they show a wide range of morphological features, and so the differential diagnosis is extensive.

Desmoplastic cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: case report and review of the literature.

We report the case of a 51-year-old man with an asymptomatic indurated plaque on the chest wall that was surgically excised and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the dermis was occupied by a neoplastic process with spindle-shaped cells arranged in longitudinal fascicles with cytologic atypia; the abundant sclerotic stroma was composed of hyaline material. Tumoral cells showed immunohistochemical reactivity to smooth muscle markers.

Sclerosing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP): an unusual variant with focus on the histopathologic differential diagnosis.

A 59-year-old man presented with a 10-cm x 8-cm tumoral plaque with a superficial nodule in the interscapular region of the back (Fig. 1). The lesion had been growing for 25 years.

Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in testicular biopsies from nonobstructive azoospermic men.

Context: Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in the etiology of many malignancies of diverse localization, such as uterine cervical carcinoma and its precursors. Human papillomavirus sequences have been detected throughout the male lower genitourinary tract, but the role of men as transmitters remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between azoospermia and the presence of HPV DNA in testicular cells.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia involving the cubital nerve.

A tumor involving cubital nerve was resected and studied; it was classified as an angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE). Immunohistochemical and molecular study was done both to confirm the reactive nature of the process and rule out the presence of clonal T or B cell rearrangement. This lesion has been designated as epitheloid hemangioma [Coindre (1994) Ann Pathol 14:426].

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Context: It has been proposed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a role in the etiology of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) in diverse anatomic locations. In contrast to Asian women, Western women have a low prevalence of LELC of the uterine cervix, and EBV genomes have not been identified.

Objective: To assess the presence of EBV in LELC of the uterine cervix in 4 white Western women.