What are the immunopharmacological effects of furazolidone? A systematic review.

Furazolidone (FZD) is a widely used drug in human and veterinary medicine, and has antibacterial and antiprotozoal action. Although it is widely used as a therapy in various pathological conditions, studies on the efficacy of FZD associated with immune responses are still limited. In this review, we seek to describe which immunopharmacological responses are caused by the administration of FZD.

Correction to: In silico evaluation and in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by natural amides and synthetic analogs.

The original version of the article above contained an error in the text.

In silico evaluation and in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by natural amides and synthetic analogs.

Malaria, caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, is a disease that infects hundreds of millions of people annually, causing an enormous social burden in many developing countries. Since current antimalarial drugs are starting to face resistance by the parasite, the development of new therapeutic options has been prompted. The enzyme Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-ACP reductase (PfENR) has a determinant role in the fatty acid biosynthesis of this parasite and is absent in humans, making it an ideal target for new antimalarial drugs.

Styrylpyrone, isolated from an Amazon plant, induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy in .

The search for bioactive compounds against diseases is imperative and the richness of the Amazon provides a large source to be explored. Current therapies for the treatment of parasitic infections have severe side effects and low efficacy, which makes the development of an effective chemotherapy extremely important. In this study, we describe the isolation of styrylpyrone 4-methoxy-6-(11,12-methylenedioxy-trans-styryl)-2-pyrone (SP), from the Amazonian tree species, , the activity against promastigotes, and its pharmacokinetics properties.

Identification of a peptide derived from a Bothrops moojeni metalloprotease with in vitro inhibitory action on the Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme (PfPNP).

There is a growing need for research on new antimalarial agents against Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in regards to planning molecular architecture for specific molecular targets of the parasite. Thus, a metalloprotease from Bothrops moojeni, known as BmooMPα-I, was explored in this study, through in silico assays, aiming at the development of a peptide generated from this molecule with potential inhibitory action on PfPNP, an enzyme necessary for the survival of the parasite. In order to isolate BmooMPα-I, cation exchange and reverse phase chromatographies were performed, followed by in vitro assays of antiparasitic activity against the W2 strain of P.

Antiprotozoal action of synthetic cinnamic acid analogs.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and malaria cause morbidity globally. The drugs currently used for treatment have limitations. Activity of cinnamic acid analogs against Leishmania spp.

Semisynthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial evaluation and structure-activity relationship of two series of triterpene derivatives.

In this report, we describe the semisynthesis of two series of ursolic and betulinic acid derivatives through designed by modifications at the C-3 and C-28 positions and demonstrate their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (W2 strain). Structural modifications at C-3 were more advantageous to antimalarial activity than simultaneous modifications at C-3 and C-28 positions.

Phlebotomine Sand Fly Composition (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Putative Vectors of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Porto Velho Municipality, Western Amazon, Brazil.

This study evaluated the species composition of sand flies and identified potential vectors of Leishmania Ross species in rural areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia State, Brazil. American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is one of the gravest threats to public health in this state. Sand flies were collected over the course of 2014 and 2015 using HP light traps.

Evaluation of the antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal potential of Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) extract.

Introduction:: Malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. Plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the action of the dichloromethanolic extract of Myrciaria dubia leaves against the protozoa Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania chagasi through bioassays.

Phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) diversity and their Leishmania DNA in a hot spot of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis human cases along the Brazilian border with Peru and Bolivia.

In this study, we identified the phlebotomine sandfly vectors involved in the transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil, which is located on the Brazil-Peru-Bolivia frontier. The genotyping of Leishmania in phlebotomines was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 6,850 sandflies comprising 67 species were captured by using CDC light traps in rural areas of the municipality.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE TRI‑BORDER AREA OF ASSIS BRASIL, ACRE STATE, BRAZIL.

In this study, Leishmania species were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The epidemiology of patients suspected of having American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Assis Brasil, Acre State, located in the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia tri-border was also investigated. By PCR, the DNA of Leishmania was detected in 100% of the cases (37 samples) and a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of the hsp 70 gene identified the species in 32 samples: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (65.

Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the Middle Solimões Region, Amazonas State, Brazil.

Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. This work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland Amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland Amazonian forest), both located in Tefé Municipality, Amazonas State, Braziland to detect Leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations.

Methods: Sand flies were collected using HP light traps.