The striatum drives the ergogenic effects of caffeine.

Caffeine is one of the main ergogenic resources used in exercise and sports. Previously, we reported the ergogenic mechanism of caffeine through neuronal AR antagonism in the central nervous system [1]. We now demonstrate that the striatum rules the ergogenic effects of caffeine through neuroplasticity changes.

Characterization of the sand fly fauna in Barbalha, one of the municipalities with the highest leishmaniasis rates in Brazil.

Leishmaniases are a complex of sand fly-borne diseases that are considered a public health issue in several countries. Brazil presents high leishmaniases rates. The South of Ceará State, known as Cariri region, shows worrying statistics mainly on American tegumentary leishmaniasis.

Non-AIDS-related comorbidities in people living with HIV-1 aged 50 years and older: The AGING POSITIVE study.

Objective: To characterize the profile of non-AIDS-related comorbidities (NARC) in the older HIV-1-infected population and to explore the factors associated with multiple NARC.

Methods: This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study including HIV-1-infected patients aged ≥50 years, who were virologically suppressed and had been on a stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for at least 6 months. A multiple regression model explored the association between demographic and clinical variables and the number of NARC.

[Thyroid Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of an Asymptomatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma].

Introduction: Clear cell renal carcinoma metastases to the thyroid gland are rare and only diagnosable after an immunohistochemistry analysis of the histological sample. The purpose of this article is to report a case of thyroid metastasis as the initial presentation of a clear cell renal carcinoma.

Case Report: Male patient with a solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid, 5.

Leydig cell tumour and mature ovarian teratoma: rare androgen-secreting ovarian tumours in postmenopausal women.

Androgen-secreting ovarian tumours are extremely rare accounting for <5% of all ovarian neoplasms. They are more frequent in postmenopausal women and should be suspected in the case of a rapid onset of androgenic symptoms. We report 4 cases of postmenopausal women who presented with signs of virilisation.

Impact of peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin treatment on liver tissue in patients with HCV or HCV-HIV co-infection.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of treatment with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin on liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with or without HIV infection.

Methods: Patients received peginterferon alpha-2b (1.5 micro/kg/week during the first 4 weeks; 1.