Body composition assessment in individuals with class II/III obesity: a narrative review.

Background: Individuals with class II/III obesity have a high percentage of body fat. Assessing body composition in cases of severe obesity can be difficult and controversial both in clinical practice and scientific research. Thus, it is essential to explore the different aspects of evaluating body composition and to discuss the available methods to assess it in this population.

Overweight, obesity and risk of multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in the databases of Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between overweight and/or obesity with the risk of multimorbidity.

The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Shared Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death worldwide, respectively. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that the incidence of cancer is elevated in patients with CVD and vice versa. However, these conditions are usually regarded as separate events despite the presence of shared risk factors between both conditions, such as metabolic abnormalities and lifestyle.

Nutritional and food education as a complementary treatment approach in severe obese individuals.

The treatment for obesity, specifically severe obesity, is a challenge for health professionals and services. It requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach covering the complexity and difficulties of incorporating healthy habits to prevent associated diseases and mortality. Individual intervention's methods are not enough to change eating habits.

The effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and its nanoemulsion on dyslipidemic Wistar rats.

Dyslipidemias are lipid metabolism alterations that cause increased levels of serum lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides. These alterations are associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases and are a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EORO, 100 mg/kg) and its nanoemulsion (NEORO, 500 µg/kg) on Triton and coconut saturated-fat-induced (CSF) dyslipidemias using Wistar rats.

The Effectiveness of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and the Traditional Brazilian Diet in Reducing the Inflammatory Profile of Individuals with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

We analyzed the effectiveness of two nutritional interventions alone and together, EVOO and the DieTBra, on the inflammatory profile of severely obese individuals. This study was an RCT with 149 individuals aged from 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m, randomized into three intervention groups: (1) 52 mL/day of EVOO ( = 50); (2) DieTBra ( = 49); and (3) DieTBra plus 52 mL/day of EVOO (DieTBra + EVOO, = 50). The primary outcomes we measured were the-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the secondary outcomes we measured were the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR); leukocytes; and C reactive protein (CRP).

Which Diets Are Effective in Reducing Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk in Women with Obesity? An Integrative Review.

Women are more affected by obesity than men which increases their risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is important to understand the effectiveness of different types of diet in the context of women's health. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on the effects of different types of diet for women with obesity and their impact on CVD and cancer risk.

Serum and Dietary Vitamin D in Individuals with Class II and III Obesity: Prevalence and Association with Metabolic Syndrome.

The association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MS) in severe obesity is unclear and controversial. We analyzed serum and dietary vitamin D and their association with MS in 150 adults with class II and III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m) from the DieTBra Trial (NCT02463435). MS parameters were high fasting blood glucose, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, elevated waist circumference, and hypertension.

Prevalence of constipation in adults with obesity class II and III and associated factors.

Background: Constipation and obesity have common risk factors. However, little is known about the occurrence of constipation in individuals with severe obesity and the associated factors.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal constipation and its associated factors in adults with obesity class II and III.

Bone Mineral Density in Severely Obese Women: Health Risk and Health Protective Risk Factors in Three Different Bone Sites.

Factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) are poorly known in severely obese individuals i.e., a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m.

Body fat percentage assessment by skinfold equation, bioimpedance and densitometry in older adults.

Background: Body fat estimation allows measuring changes over time attributed to interventions and treatments in different settings such as hospitals, clinical practice, nursing homes and research. However, only few studies have compared different body fat estimation methods in older adults with inconsistent results. We estimated body fat percentage (%BF) and the level of agreement among dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and Durnin & Womersley's skinfold eq.

Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and the Traditional Brazilian Diet on Sarcopenia in Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Nutritional interventions may have positive effects on sarcopenia and body composition.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and a healthy traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) on improving sarcopenia indicators and reducing total body fat in severe obesity.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.

The health-related determinants of eating pattern of high school athletes in Goiás, Brazil.

Background: Athletes put their health at short- and long-term risk and a detailed investigation of health outcomes is important because it should allow the development of more specific interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the health-related determinants of eating pattern of high school athletes.

Methods: The study enrolled 248 Brazilian athletes aged 14-20 years.

Pro12Ala polymorphism influences body composition changes in severely obese patients consuming extra virgin olive oil: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Previous intervention studies have reported the association of the Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and -174G > C (rs1800795) polymorphisms with weight loss; however, their results are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effect of the Pro12Ala and -174G > C polymorphisms on body weight, body composition and metabolic parameters after a 12-week nutritional intervention with a traditional Brazilian diet and extra virgin olive oil supplementation in severely obese patients.

Methods: A total of 149 severely obese individuals [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m] were randomized into three 12-week nutritional intervention groups - the extra virgin olive oil supplementation (OO) group ( = 50), the traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) group ( = 49), and the DieTBra plus extra virgin olive oil supplementation (DieTBra+OO) group (n = 50).