Increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide formation, lowered total radical trapping capacity coupled with psychological stressors are strongly associated with the phenome of first-episode mild depression in undergraduate students.

Undergraduate students are frequently afflicted by major depressive disorder (MDD). Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. There is no information regarding whether mild outpatient MDD (SDMD) and first episode SDMD (FE-SDMD) are accompanied by O&NS.

Paraoxonase 1 status is a major Janus-faced component of mild and moderate acute ischemic stroke and consequent disabilities.

Aims: This study aims to examine the associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON)1 status and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and consequent disabilities.

Methods: This study recruited 122 patients with AIS and 40 healthy controls and assessed the Q192R gene variants, arylesterase (AREase) and chloromethyl phenylacetate (CMPAase) activities, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) in baseline conditions. AREase and CMPAase were measured 3 months later.

In Mild and Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke, Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Are Strongly Associated with Disabilities and Final Stroke Core Volume.

In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), there are no data on whether oxidative stress biomarkers have effects above and beyond known risk factors and measurements of stroke volume. This study was conducted in 122 mild-moderate AIS patients and 40 controls and assessed the modified ranking scale (mRS) at baseline, and 3 and 6 months later. We measured lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and PON1 Q192R genotypes, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) stroke volume and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity.

Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression, anxiety and psychosis. Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status may occur in TLE and these psychiatric conditions.

Aim: To examine PON1 status, namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities, in TLE.

A Randomized Trial of Short-term Treatment with Folic Acid to Reduce the Oxidative Stress of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients leads to increased oxidative stress. The antioxidant capacity of folic acid has been shown to scavenge radicals efficiently.

Objective: The current study was carried out to examine the effects of folic acid treatment on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients in different stages of CKD.

Perinatal exposure to paracetamol: Dose and sex-dependent effects in behaviour and brain's oxidative stress markers in progeny.

Paracetamol (PAR) has been employed worldwide for pain and fever treatment during pregnancy and lactation. Epidemiologic studies have shown that exposure to PAR can increase the risk for developmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to investigate if gestational and lactational exposure to human-relevant doses of PAR could alter behavioural and brain oxidative stress parameters in the rat`s offspring.

Menstruation distress is strongly associated with hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers.

Objective: To examine the associations between menstruation features and symptoms and hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers.

Methods: Forty-one women completed questionnaires assessing characteristic menstruation symptoms, duration of menstrual cycle and number of pads used/day and completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during the consecutive days of their menstrual cycle. Menses-related symptoms (MsRS) were computed from the sum of 10 pre- and post-menses symptoms and the menstruation blood and duration index (MBDI) was computed based on the daily number of pads and duration of menses.

Towards a new model and classification of mood disorders based on risk resilience, neuro-affective toxicity, staging, and phenome features using the nomothetic network psychiatry approach.

Current diagnoses of mood disorders are not cross validated. The aim of the current paper is to explain how machine learning techniques can be used to a) construct a model which ensembles risk/resilience (R/R), adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), staging, and the phenome of mood disorders, and b) disclose new classes based on these feature sets. This study was conducted using data of 67 healthy controls and 105 mood disordered patients.

Lowered Antioxidant Defenses and Increased Oxidative Toxicity Are Hallmarks of Deficit Schizophrenia: a Nomothetic Network Psychiatry Approach.

There is now evidence that schizophrenia and deficit schizophrenia are neuro-immune conditions and that oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX) may play a pathophysiological role. Aims of the study: to compare OSTOX biomarkers and antioxidant (ANTIOX) defenses in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. We examined lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and PON1 Q192R genotypes, and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) as well as immune biomarkers in patients with deficit (n = 40) and non-deficit (n = 40) schizophrenia and healthy controls (n = 40).

The role of immune and oxidative pathways in menstrual cycle associated depressive, physio-somatic, breast and anxiety symptoms: Modulation by sex hormones.

Objective: To examine whether 1) immune and nitro-oxidative stress (IO&NS) biomarkers are associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS); and 2) changes in IO&NS biomarkers during the menstrual cycle (MC) are associated with PMS symptoms and plasma estradiol and progesterone.

Methods: This longitudinal study examined 41 women who completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) rating scale during 28 consecutive days and assayed plasma levels of complement C3 and C4, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), haptoglobin (Hp), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups and the activity of paraoxonase (PON)1 at days 7 (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21) and 28 (D28) of the MC. MC Associated Syndrome (MCAS) was diagnosed when the summed DRSP score during the MC is >0.

Increased Oxidative Stress Toxicity and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Associations with Psychiatric Comorbidities.

Oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX), as well as lowered antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX), plays a role in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Nevertheless, the associations between OSTOX/ANTIOX and psychiatric comorbidities in TLE are largely unknown. Thus, this study examines plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites (NO), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in depression due to TLE (n = 25); anxiety disorders due to TLE (n = 27); psychotic disorder due to TLE (n = 25); "pure TLE" (n = 27); and healthy controls (n = 40).

Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with increased oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease pre-dialysis patients.

Introduction: The progressive decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in chronic kidney disease (CKD) limits the kidney ability of synthesizing the vitamin. Vitamin D deficiency as defined by KDIGO (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) is prevalent in CKD patients and associated to oxidative stress (OS). We studied a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and OS in pre-dialysis patients.

Increased Levels of Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediate Schizophrenia Symptom Dimensions and Neurocognitive Impairments and Are Inversely Associated with Natural IgM Directed to Malondialdehyde and Paraoxonase 1 Activity.

Accumulating evidence suggests that TNF-α-mediated immune-neurotoxicity contributes to cognitive impairments and the overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS). There are no data whether peripheral IL-6 and IL-4 may affect the phenome of schizophrenia above and beyond the effects of TNF-α and whether those cytokines are regulated by lowered natural IgM to malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity. We assessed the aforementioned biomarkers in a cross-sectional study that enrolled schizophrenia patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 40) deficit schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls.

Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises a bifactorial general severity and a single-group factor, which are differently associated with neurotoxic immune and immune-regulatory pathways.

In schizophrenia, a single latent trait underlies psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative (PHEMN) symptoms, formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR). Schizophrenia is accompanied by a breakdown of gut and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) pathways, increased tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) levels, bacterial translocation, and lowered natural IgM and paraoxonase (PON)1 activity. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of schizophrenia symptom domains and the biomarker correlates of these factors.

Development of a Novel Staging Model for Affective Disorders Using Partial Least Squares Bootstrapping: Effects of Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses and Neuro-Oxidative Stress.

Although, staging models gained momentum to stage define affective disorders, no attempts were made to construct mathematical staging models using clinical and biomarker data in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder. The aims of this study were to use clinical and biomarker data to construct statistically derived staging models, which are associated with early lifetime traumata (ELTs), affective phenomenology, and biomarkers. In the current study, 172 subjects participated, 105 with affective disorders (both bipolar and unipolar) and 67 controls.

Early Life Trauma Predicts Affective Phenomenology and the Effects are Partly Mediated by Staging Coupled with Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defences.

Background Early life trauma (ELT) may drive mood disorder phenomenology, nitro-oxidative pathways and impairments in semantic memory. There are no data regarding the impact of ELT on affective phenomenology and whether these pathways are mediated by staging or lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defences. Methods This study examined healthy controls (n=54) and patients with affective disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders (n=118).

Association of lead, cadmium and mercury with paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde in a general population in Southern Brazil.

Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underlying mechanism of metal-induced toxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a final product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been extensively used to evaluate metal-induced OS. Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.