SARS-CoV-2 immune complex triggers human monocyte necroptosis.

We analyzed the ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and SARS-CoV-2-IgG immune complexes to trigger human monocyte necroptosis. SARS-CoV-2 was able to induce monocyte necroptosis dependently of MLKL activation. Necroptosis-associated proteins (RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL) were involved in SARS-CoV-2N1 gene expression in monocytes.

Short-chain fatty acid acetate triggers antiviral response mediated by RIG-I in cells from infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

Background: Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty-acid (SFCA) acetate protects mice against RSV A2 strain infection by increasing interferon-β production and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of SFCA in RSV infection using strains isolated from patients is unknown.

Methods: We first used RSV clinical strains isolated from infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis to investigate the effects of in vitro SCFA-acetate treatment of human pulmonary epithelial cells.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) controls cytokine release during respiratory syncytial virus infection in macrophages.

Objective And Design: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of infection in children up to 2 years old and reinfection is very common among patients. Tissue damage in the lung caused by RSV leads to an immune response and infected cells activate multiple signaling pathways and massive production of inflammatory mediators like macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of MIF during RSV infection in macrophages.

Production of recombinant human annexin V by fed-batch cultivation.

Background: Annexin V, a 35.8 kDa intracellular protein, is a Ca⁺²-dependent phospholipid binding protein with high affinity to phosphatidylserine (PS), which is a well-known hallmark of apoptosis. Annexin V is a sensitive probe for PS exposure upon the cell membrane, and used for detection of apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro.

Prolonged survival of allografts induced by mycobacterial Hsp70 is dependent on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Background: Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are stress induced proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The Hsp70 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TBHsp70) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory role on rodent autoimmune arthritis models, and the protective effects were demonstrated to be dependent on interleukin-10 (IL-10). We have previously observed that TBHsp70 inhibited maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and induced IL-10 production by these cells, as well as in synovial fluid cells.

Genital CD8+ T cell response to HIV-1 gag in mice immunized by mucosal routes with a recombinant simian adenovirus.

AdC6gag37, an E1-deleted adenovirus recombinant derived from the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 6 expressing a codon-optimized truncated form of gag of HIV-1, was tested for induction of transgene-specific CD8+ T cell responses upon intranasal or intravaginal immunization of mice. Administration of AdC6gag37 induced gag-specific CD8+ T cells at systemic and mucosal sites. Frequencies of gag-specific CD8+ T cells elicited in the genital tract by intravaginal or intranasal immunizations were substantially increased by intranasal priming followed by intravaginal boosting with the same vector.