Toll-like receptors: A pathway alluding to cancer control.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are usually expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, as well as on eosinophils and some epithelial cells. They play a central role in the recognition of harmful molecules that belong to invading microorganisms or internal damaged tissues, which lead to inflammation. Among the hallmarks of cancer, there is immune evasion and inflammation.

Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Immunomodulation.

Mesenchymal stem cells are classified as multipotent stem cells, due to their capability to transdifferentiate into various lineages that develop from mesoderm. Their popular appeal as cell-based therapy was initially based on the idea of their ability to restore tissue because of their differentiation potential ; however, the lack of evidence of their differentiation to target cells led researchers to focus on their secreted trophic factors and their role as potential powerhouses on regulation of factors under different immunological environments and recover homeostasis. To date there are more than 800 clinical trials on humans related to MSCs as therapy, not to mention that in animals is actively being applied as therapeutic resource, though it has not been officially approved as one.