Comparison of conventional and contemporary root canal disinfection protocols against bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

This study devised a dual-species biofilm model to investigate bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simultaneously, and compared the efficacy of conventional and contemporary disinfection protocols. Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were included. Fourteen teeth were negative control, and 56 teeth were infected with 3-week-old E.

Comparison of GentleWave system and passive ultrasonic irrigation with minimally invasive and conventional instrumentation against LPS in infected root canals.

This study compared the effectiveness of GentleWave system (GWS) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from infected root canals after minimally invasive (MIT) and conventional instrumentation (CIT) techniques. Sixty first premolars with two roots were inoculated with fluorescent LPS conjugate (Alexa Fluor 594). Of those, twelve were dentin pretreated, inoculated with fluorescent LPS conjugate, and submitted to confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to validate the LPS-infection model.

Clinical influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis.

Objectives: This study investigated the influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on the levels of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in apical periodontitis (AP).

Materials And Methods: Twenty primarily infected root canals with AP were randomly divided into two groups: Ca(OH) + sterile saline solution (SSL) group and Ca(OH) + 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX gel) group. We collected samples from the periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) before (s1) and after 14 days of intracanal medication (s2).

Comparison of the effectiveness of single- and multiple-sessions disinfection protocols against endotoxins in root canal infections: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review (SR) addressed the following common clinical question: What is more effective in reducing or eliminating endotoxin in endodontic infections-single or multiple-session treatments using calcium hydroxide medications? Literature searches of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the studies using the risk of bias tools. Electronic searches resulted in 358 articles, of which 32 studies were included for full-text assessment, and nine were included in this review.

Nonsurgical endodontic management of dens invaginatus: a report of two cases.

Dens invaginatus is a malformation affecting mainly the superior lateral incisors. It is defined as an infolding of the crown hard tissues, including the enamel and dentin, and can extend up to the root apex. Root canal treatment of this abnormality is considered difficult due to the complex anatomy presented by these teeth.

Does supplemental photodynamic therapy optimize the disinfection of bacteria and endotoxins in one-visit and two-visit root canal therapy? A randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental photodynamic therapy (PDT) in optimizing the removal of bacteria and endotoxins from primarily infected root canals after one-visit and two-visit treatments.

Methodology: Twenty-four primarily infected root canals with apical periodontitis were selected and randomly divided into one-visit (n=12) and two-visit treatment groups (n=12). Chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) was performed by using the single-file reciprocating technique+2.

Clinical comparison of the effectiveness of 7- and 14-day intracanal medications in root canal disinfection and inflammatory cytokines.

Objective: This clinical study compared the effectiveness of 7- and 14-day intracanal medications in the reduction of bacteria/endotoxins from primarily infected root canals and determined their antigenicity against macrophages through the levels of cytokines.

Methods: Seventy-two primarily infected teeth were randomly divided into six groups according to medication and time of application: 7-day groups = G1, Ca(OH) + saline solution (SSL); G2, Ca(OH) + 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel; and G3, 2% CHX gel and 14-day groups = G4, Ca(OH) + SSL; G5, Ca(OH) + 2% CHX gel; and G6, 2% CHX gel (all groups, n = 12). Bacterial and endotoxin samples were collected from root canals and inflammatory cytokines of macrophages supernatants.

Longitudinal Effect of Surface Treatments Modified by NaOCl-Induced Deproteinization and Nd:YAG Laser on Dentin Permeability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentin permeability after dentin hypersensitivity treatments: fluoride, adhesive system, and collagen deproteinization with and without Nd:YAG laser exposure, and after erosive and abrasive challenges.

Materials And Methods: Dentin permeability was assessed by measuring dentinal fluid flow using a permeability device. Eighty bovine dentin specimens (6 mm diameter/1 mm thickness) had permeability measured in the presence of the smear layer and after removal of the smear layer by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Evaluation of the bond strengths of 3 endodontic cements via push-out test.

In this study, the push-out method was used to evaluate the bond strengths of 3 types of endodontic cements according to their composite base: methacrylate, epoxy resin, and an experimental copaiba oil resin. The study hypothesis was that the methacrylate-based and experimental cements would have bond strengths equal to or greater than that of the epoxy resin-based cement. Thirty bovine tooth roots, 18 mm long, were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) based on the chosen cement treatment.

Comparison of the effectiveness of 3 irrigation devices for the cleaning of root canal walls instrumented with oscillatory and rotary techniques.

In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the smear layer removal of 3 irrigation devices. The study hypothesis was that more contemporary side-vented needles and brush-covered needles are more efficient for smear layer removal of root canals than traditional needles. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of these irrigation devices in the cleansing of root canals instrumented with oscillatory and rotary systems.

Clinical influence of different intracanal medications on Th1-type and Th2-type cytokine responses in apical periodontitis.

Introduction: This clinical study assessed the influence of different intracanal medications on Th1-type and Th2-type cytokine responses in apical periodontitis and monitored the levels of bacteria from primarily infection during endodontic procedures.

Methods: Thirty primarily infected teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the medication selected: chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% CHX gel; Ca(OH)2/SSL, Ca(OH)2 + SSL; and Ca(OH)2/CHX, Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel (all, n = 10). Bacterial sample was collected from root canals, and the interstitial fluid was sampled from lesions.

Endodontic retreatment: clinical comparison of reciprocating systems versus rotary system in disinfecting root canals.

Introduction: This clinical study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of single-file reciprocating systems and rotary systems in removing endotoxins and cultivable bacteria in endodontic retreatment.

Methods: Thirty endodontically treated teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis were selected. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the system used: WaveOne (n = 10), Reciproc instrument (n = 10), and ProTaper Universal Retreatment system (n = 10).

Assessment of the efficacy of the utilisation of conventional and electric toothbrushes by the older adults.

Objective:   To evaluate the efficacy of electric and conventional toothbrushes for a group of elderly individuals.

Background:   Although the electric toothbrush has been recommended for elderly individuals, there had previously never been a study regarding its efficacy.

Material And Methods:   Sixty independent elders of both genders with different oral conditions from the Center Adult Day Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, were randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals.

Clinical comparison of the effectiveness of single-file reciprocating systems and rotary systems for removal of endotoxins and cultivable bacteria from primarily infected root canals.

Introduction: This clinical study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of single-file reciprocating systems and rotary systems in removing endotoxins and cultivable bacteria from primarily infected root canals.

Methods: Forty-eight primarily infected root canals were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (n = 12); Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 12), ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer) (n = 12), and Mtwo (VDW) (n = 12). Samples were collected before and after chemomechanical preparation.

Effect of calcium hydroxide on ph changes of the external medium after intracoronal bleaching.

Aim: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxide on pH changes of the external medium after intracoronal bleaching.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 extracted human premolars were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and endodontic sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the bleaching agents employed: (a) Sterile cotton pellet with distilled water (control group); (b) sodium perborate and distilled water; (c) sodium perborate and 10% carbamide peroxide; (d) sodium perborate and 35% hydrogen peroxide; (e) 35% hydrogen peroxide.

The effect of endodontic materials on the optical density of dyes used in marginal leakage studies.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the exposure of different endodontic materials to different dye solutions by evaluating the optical density of the dye solutions. Seventy-five plastic tubes were filled with one of the following materials: AH Plus, Sealapex, Portland cement, MTA (Angelus and Pro Root) and fifteen control plastic tubes were not. Each specimen of material and control was immersed in a container with 1 ml of each dye solution.

In vitro evaluation of apical sealing in root apex treated with demineralization agents and retrofiled with mineral trioxide aggregate through marginal dye leakage.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical seal in root apex treated with different demineralization agents and retrofilled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) using marginal dye leakage. Fifty-six, human single-rooted teeth were instrumented, filled, resected and had retrofilling cavities prepared with ultrasonic tips. Demineralizing agents were applied before the apical cavities were retrofilled with Pro Root MTA.