Acetylated galactopyranosyl N-heterocyclic monocarbene complexes of Silver(I) as novel anti-proliferative agents in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line.

Herein, four silver(I) complexes bearing acetylated d-galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All complexes were obtained with an anomeric β-configuration and as monocarbene species. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of the silver(I) complexes 2a-d on the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD.

Effects of calcitriol on the cell cycle of rhabdomyosarcoma cells.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a type of cancer of skeletal muscle. Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, also recognised as a steroid hormone called 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25D). We previously reported that 1,25D promoted cell proliferation and differentiation in non-cancerous skeletal muscle cells C2C12.

1α,25(OH)D-glycosides from leaves extract induce myoblasts differentiation through p38 MAPK and AKT activation.

We have previously shown that leaf extract (SGE) increases VDR protein levels and promotes myoblast differentiation. Here, we investigated whether p38 MAPK and AKT are involved in SGE actions. Cell-cycle studies showed that SGE prompted a peak of S-phase followed by an arrest in the G0/G1-phase through p38 MAPK.

1α,25 dihydroxi-vitamin D₃ modulates CDK4 and CDK6 expression and localization.

We recently reported that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and p38 MAPK participate in pro-differentiation events triggered by 1α,25(OH)₂-vitamin D₃ [1,25D] in skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, our studies demonstrated that 1,25D promotes G0/G1 arrest of cells inducing cyclin D3 and cyclin dependent kinases inhibitors (CKIs) p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) expression in a VDR and p38 MAPK dependent manner. In this work we present data indicating that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 also play a role in the mechanism by which 1,25D stimulates myogenesis.

Actions of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 on the cellular cycle depend on VDR and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle cells.

Previously, we have reported that 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25D) activates p38 MAPK (p38) in a vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent manner in proliferative C2C12 myoblast cells. It was also demonstrated that 1,25D promotes muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. However, we did not study these hormone actions in depth.

WITHDRAWN: VDR involvement in 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-action on cellular cycle in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

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