How families prepare their children for tooth extraction under general anaesthesia: Family and clinical predictors of non-compliance with a 'serious game'.

Objective: To explore family and clinical factors for usage of an online serious game designed to prepare children with ECC for dental treatment under general anaesthesia.

Design: Observational study. Secondary data of 60 children, aged 5-to-7, randomised to the intervention group in a phase-III randomised controlled trial [NIHR Portfolio 10006, ISRCTN: 18265148] testing the efficacy of the serious game http://www.

Radiotherapy May Offer a Recurrence and Survival Benefit in Rectal Cancers Treated Surgically with Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background/aim: Several studies report outcomes of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) surgery in combination with radiotherapy, however the combination of those treatments is provided mostly on an adhoc individual basis and the role of radiotherapy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy in the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer treated surgically with TEMS.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature on MEDLINE and Pubmed databases.

On-line preparatory information for children and their families undergoing dental extractions under general anesthesia: A phase III randomized controlled trial.

Background: Family-centered interactive on-line games are increasingly popular in healthcare, but their effectiveness for preoperative preparation needs further research. www.scottga.

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a multi-strain probiotic in treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease.

Background: Diverticular disease is a significant burden on healthcare systems that is managed, surgically or medically, mainly as an emergency or acute condition. There are no standardized treatment recommendations for symptomatic uncomplicated disease. We hypothesized that a probiotic would reduce abdominal pain in such patients.

Malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14): Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To synthesize evidence on the impact of malocclusion and its associated treatment on people's quality of life across studies that used the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in the adult population.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of the English literature using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE yielded 98 unique citations. Studies using OHIP-14 with individuals 15 years of age and older were included.

Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial.

Background: Children can find anaesthesia induction especially distressing and postoperative psychological and physical morbidity are common. Preparation programmes for general anaesthesia (GA) are highly effective in reducing this distress. A Phase II study has already verified the effectiveness of a prototype preoperative GA-coping computer game to help children cope with induction in a dental GA setting.

How does variation in lower anterior face height influence perceived attractiveness? A quantitative investigation.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to undertake an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of lower anterior face height (LAFH) variations influences perceived attractiveness.

Design: Cross-sectional study

Setting: St George's Hospital, London, UK PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The LAFH of an idealized male and female frontal facial image were altered in 2·5 mm increments from -20 to 20 mm (male images) and from -10 to 20 mm (female images), in order to represent reduction and increase in height of this region. These images were rated by a pre-selected group of pre-treatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), clinicians (n = 35) and laypersons (n = 75).

An in vitro comparison of the accuracy of measurements obtained from high- and low-resolution cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate in an ex vivo model the reduction in patient radiation dose while maintaining accurate linear measurements by comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken at 360° versus 180° rotation, with porcine jaw specimens as a reference standard.

Methods: CBCT scans of 12 sectioned porcine hemimandibles at 360° and 180° rotations were taken with standardized clinical exposure parameters. To assess interobserver variability, 6 assessors who were blinded to the degree of rotation took linear measurements of anatomic structures on each scan.

Cost-effectiveness of counselling, graded-exercise and usual care for chronic fatigue: evidence from a randomised trial in primary care.

Background: Fatigue is common and has been shown to result in high economic costs to society. The aim of this study is to compare the cost-effectiveness of two active therapies, graded-exercise (GET) and counselling (COUN) with usual care plus a self-help booklet (BUC) for people presenting with chronic fatigue.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with participants consulting for fatigue of over three months' duration recruited from 31 general practices in South East England and allocated to one of three arms.

Assessing the influence of lower facial profile convexity on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician, and layperson.

Objective: The aim was a quantitative evaluation of how the severity of lower facial profile convexity influences perceived attractiveness.

Study Design: The lower facial profile of an idealized image was altered incrementally between 14° to -16°. Images were rated on a Likert scale by orthognathic patients, laypeople, and clinicians.

The influence of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment on perceptions of attractiveness: a longitudinal study.

The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of completing the orthognathic treatment process on patients' perceptions of attractiveness and their desire for surgical correction. The mandibular prominence of an idealized profile image was altered in 2 mm increments from -16 to 12 mm, in order to represent retrusion and protrusion of the mandible, respectively. These images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by 50 patients at T1 (pre-treatment) and T2 (6 months following orthodontic appliance removal).

Influence of chin height on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, layperson, and clinician.

Objective: To determine an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of chin height variations influence perceived attractiveness.

Materials And Methods: The chin height of an idealized male and female frontal facial image was altered in 2.5-mm increments from -12.

Assessing the influence of asymmeftry affecting the mandible and chin point on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician, and layperson.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to undertake an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of asymmetries affecting the mandible and chin point influence perceived attractiveness.

Materials And Methods: The mandible and chin point of idealized male and female frontal facial images were altered in 5-mm increments from 0 to 25 mm and to the left and right, to represent horizontal, vertical, and combined asymmetry affecting these regions. These images were rated on a 7-point Likert scale by a preselected group of orthognathic patients before treatment, clinicians, and laypeople.

Canine substitution for missing maxillary lateral incisors: the influence of canine morphology, size, and shade on perceptions of smile attractiveness.

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine whether variations in the morphology, size, or shade of maxillary canines would influence perceptions of smile attractiveness in patients with canines substituted for missing maxillary lateral incisors.

Methods: A smiling photograph of a hypodontia patient who had had orthodontic space closure with maxillary canines replacing the lateral incisors was digitally modified to create a bilaterally symmetrical image. Four groups of images were created, digitally altering canine gingival height, crown tip height, canine width, and canine shade.

The hidden cost of chronic fatigue to patients and their families.

Background: Nearly 1 in 10 in the population experience fatigue of more than six months at any one time. Chronic fatigue is a common reason for consulting a general practitioner, and some patients report their symptoms are not taken seriously enough. A gap in perceptions may occur because doctors underestimate the impact of fatigue on patients' lives.

Reliability and cross-cultural validity of a Japanese version of the Dental Fear Survey.

Background: This study established the reliability and cross-cultural validity of a Japanese version of the Dental Fear Survey (DFS).

Methods: Two studies were carried out in separate populations. The first involved 166 Japanese dental and nursing students and assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Dental age assessment (DAA): reference data for British caucasians at the 16 year threshold.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to determine reference data for dental age assessment (DAA) for the 16 year threshold in British caucasians.

Patients, Materials And Methods: One thousand seven hundred and twenty-two Dental Panoramic Radiographs of individuals aged between 4 and 24 years were re-used to establish reference intervals using the tooth development stages (TDSs) previously described [A. Demirjian, H.

A biomarker-based mathematical model to predict bone-forming potency of human synovial and periosteal mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: To develop a biomarker-based model to predict osteogenic potency of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from synovial membrane and periosteum.

Methods: MSC populations were derived from adult synovium and periosteum. Phenotype analysis was performed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).