A new species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), N. imperialis (Guenée) and N. prophetica (Dyar) Capps (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Colombia and Ecuador.

A new species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Colombia and Ecuador, Copidosoma takumasakondoi Vargas & Díaz, sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on the adult female and male.

Scoping Review on the Use of Drugs Targeting JAK/STAT Pathway in Atopic Dermatitis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata.

Introduction: The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in the immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, and alopecia areata (AA), and represents a potential target when developing treatments. So far, no drugs targeting this pathway have been approved for the treatment of dermatological diseases. We reviewed the use of drugs blocking the JAK/STAT pathway in the aforementioned diseases.

Drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: The Janus kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription protein (JAK/STAT) pathway is known to be involved in inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases, like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo and melanoma. Improved knowledge of the components of this pathway has allowed the development of drugs, which act by inhibiting the pathway, blocking specific components. This offers new therapeutic opportunities.

Evolution of international collaborative research efforts to develop non-Cochrane systematic reviews.

This research-on-research study describes efforts to develop non-Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) by analyzing demographical and time-course collaborations between international institutions using protocols registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) or published in scientific journals. We have published an a priori protocol to develop this study. Protocols published in scientific journals were searched using the MEDLINE and Embase databases; the query terms "Systematic review" [Title] AND "protocol" [Title] were searched from February 2011 to December 2017.

Ovule discounting in an outcrossing, cryptically dioecious tree.

Ovule discounting denotes the reduction in the number of ovules available for cross-fertilization due to the interference of inferior pollen. Traditionally, ovule discounting has been discussed solely from the perspective of compromised outcrossing opportunities as a result of selfing, but the principle is more general. Here, we extend its applicability beyond the simple contrast between selfing and outcrossing by showing that, in the cryptically dioecious tree species Fraxinus ornus, ovule discounting through frequent outcrossing with inferior fathers also constitutes a substantial cost of mating.

Paternal effects on functional gender account for cryptic dioecy in a perennial plant.

Natural selection operates on the mating strategies of hermaphrodites through their functional gender, i.e. their relative success as male versus female parents.