Efficient one step extraction process of Gramicidin S from biomass.

Currently, Gramicidin S (GR-S) is produced enzymatically with the drawback of the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or produced by fermentation involving several separation and purification steps. Therefore, this study is focused on the use of green solvents as unique extraction step to produce Gramicidin S from microbial biomass of Among the tested solvents, such as ethanol, acidic ethanol or buffer phosphate, the most favorable was acidic ethanol, extracting 96% of Gramicidin S from cells with a purity of 90%. Using acidic ethanol, extraction time within the range of 30-120 min exhibited minimal impact on Gramicidin S yield, whereas the biomass-to-extractant ratio emerged as a critical parameter.

Effect of a Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from a Corn Kernel Fermented Stream on the Sensory Colour Properties of Apple and Orange Juices.

In this work, we assessed the effect of a biosurfactant extract, which possesses preservative properties, on the sensory properties, regarding colour, of two fruit juices: pasteurized apple juice and natural orange juice. This biosurfactant extract was obtained from corn steep liquor, a secondary stream of the corn wet-milling industry. The biosurfactant extract is composed of natural polymers and biocompounds released during the spontaneous fermentation of corn kernels during the steeping process of corn.

Effect of a Multifunctional Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from Corn Steep Liquor on Orange and Apple Juices.

Biosurfactant extracts are multifunctional ingredients composed of natural polymers that can be used in the food industry as stabilizing and antimicrobial agents, although their inclusion in food matrices has been scarcely explored. In this work, a biosurfactant extract, with antimicrobial properties, obtained from a fermented stream of the corn wet-milling industry was introduced into an apple and orange juice matrix to evaluate the changes produced in the sugar consumption, pH, and biomass formation at different temperatures (4-36 °C) and storage time (1-7 days). It was observed that the addition of biosurfactant extract reduced the hydrolysis rate of polymeric sugars, decreasing the concentration of soluble sugars from 85.

Correction: López-Prieto et al. Fungistatic and Fungicidal Capacity of a Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from Corn Steep Water. 2020, , 662.

The authors would like to make the following correction to the published paper [1]: a few words should be corrected in the abstract, pages 7 and 9 [...

Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview.

This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective.

Characterization and Cytotoxic Effect of Biosurfactants Obtained from Different Sources.

In this work, five biosurfactant extracts, obtained from different sources, all of them with demonstrated antimicrobial properties, were characterized and subjected to a cytotoxic study using mouse fibroblast cells (NCTC clone 929). Biosurfactant extracts obtained directly from corn steep water (CSW) showed similar surfactant characteristics to those of the extracellular biosurfactant extract produced by isolated from CSW and grown in tryptic soy broth, observing that they are amphoteric, consisting of viscous and yellowish liquid with no foaming capacity. Contrarily, cell-bound biosurfactant extracts produced from or produced by sp isolated from CSW are nonionic, consisting of a white powder with foaming capacity.

Can a Corn-Derived Biosurfactant Improve Colour Traits of Wine? First Insight on Its Application during Winegrape Skin Maceration versus Oenological Tannins.

In winemaking, oenological tannins are used to preserve wine colour by enhancing the antioxidant activity, taking part in copigmentation, and forming polymeric pigments with anthocyanins. As a novel processing aid, in this study, a biosurfactant extract was evaluated as a solubilizing and stabilizing agent of anthocyanins in red wine. The biosurfactant extract under evaluation was obtained from a fermented residual stream of the corn milling industry named corn steep liquor (CSL).

Effective Removal of Cyanide and Heavy Metals from an Industrial Electroplating Stream Using Calcium Alginate Hydrogels.

A real electroplating wastewater, containing 51,190 mg/L of free cyanide (CN), 4899 mg/L of Ni and 1904 mg/L of Cu, was treated with calcium alginate hydrogel beads (CAB), pure or impregnated with biodegraded grape marc (EBGM) or activated carbon (EAC) in order to reduce the elevated load of toxic pollutants below the regulatory limits. It was evaluated the effect of increasing the amount of bioadsorbent as well as the influence of two successive adsorption cycles in the removal efficiency of pollutants. The most favourable sorption conditions onto CAB provided removal percentages of 85.

Characterization of extracellular and cell bound biosurfactants produced by Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus isolated from commercial corn steep liquor.

The presence of biosurfactants produced by a Bacillus strain in corn steep liquor (CSL), a wastewater stream of the corn milling process, has been recently discovered. However, the species responsible for their production has not been identified at the moment. Therefore, in this work, the Bacillus strain isolated from CSL, with capacity to produce biosurfactants, was subjected to amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, being identified as Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus.

Fungistatic and Fungicidal Capacity of a Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from Corn Steep Water.

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds that are produced by microorganisms, which in addition to their surfactant capacity, can possess interesting antimicrobial activities that are used in their incorporation into the agrifood industry. In this work, the preservative capacity of a novel biosurfactant extract obtained from a residual stream of the corn-milling industry was evaluated against two different fungi ( and ) under different biosurfactant concentrations (0.33-0.

Study of biosurfactant extract from corn steep water as a potential ingredient in antiacne formulations.

Background: This is a novel work that includes the use of a biosurfactant extract obtained from corn milling industry (named BS-CSW), with antimicrobial activity, as ingredient in formulations to treat acne vulgaris.

Methodology: With this purpose, it was established an incomplete experimental design with 3 independent variables, based on the concentration of non-nano zinc oxide (ZnO) (0-2%), BS-CSW (0-5%) and salicylic acid (0-2%).

Results: This design allowed to obtain a theoretical model that calculates the inhibitory effect on (also named ) for any formulation carried with the ingredients appointed before.

Novel Multifunctional Biosurfactant Obtained from Corn as a Stabilizing Agent for Antidandruff Formulations Based on Zn Pyrithione Powder.

The cosmetic industry provides a wide variety of shampoos to treat dandruff, containing insoluble ingredients such as Zn pyrithione. However, the solubility of this active ingredient is quite limited in both water and oil media; thus, antidandruff formulations must include a large amount of chemically synthesized stabilizing ingredients to avoid their precipitation. In this work, the stabilization of Zn pyrithione in O/W emulsions using a biosurfactant (BS) extract and Tween 80 is studied.

A Multifunctional Biosurfactant Extract Obtained from Corn Steep Water as Bactericide for Agrifood Industry.

The increase of crop production along with stricter requirements on food security have augmented the demand of new and eco-friendly bactericides. Most of the bactericides used at the moment consist of persistent organic substances, representing a risk for environmental and human health. For instance, agriculture bactericides used for crop protection includes copper-based, dithiocarbamate and amide bactericides, which are not biodegradable, resulting in the necessity of further research about the production of new active principles that attack microorganisms without producing any harmful effect on human health or environment.

Potential use of composts and vermicomposts as low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: an overlooked application.

The use of composts and vermicomposts as adsorbents is an important topic of study in the field of environmental remediation. These materials are rich in organic matter and have functional groups that can interact with organic and inorganic compounds. They also contain microorganisms that can promote biodegradation of organic substances.

Preservative and Irritant Capacity of Biosurfactants From Different Sources: A Comparative Study.

One of the most important challenges for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is solubilization and preservation of their active ingredients. Therefore, most of these formulations contain irritant chemical additives to improve their shelf-life and the solubility of hydrophobic ingredients. An interesting alternative to chemical surfactants and preservatives is the use of biosurfactants; thus, their surfactant properties and composition make them more biocompatible than their chemical counterparts.

The effect of the presence of biosurfactant on the permeation of pharmaceutical compounds through silicone membrane.

The permeation of ten model drugs through silicone membrane was analysed to investigate the effect of the presence of a biosurfactant obtained from corn steep liquor. The ten selected pharmaceutical compounds were chosen to include a diverse range of physicochemical properties, such as variable hydrophobicities, pKa's, molecular masses and degrees of ionisation. When compared with compound permeation alone, the additional inclusion of biosurfactant in the donor phase altered the rate and extent of permeation.

Effect of biosurfactant extract obtained from the corn-milling industry on probiotic bacteria in drinkable yogurt.

Background: Recent studies have proven that biosurfactants (BS) obtained from controlled fermentation have shown surfactant and antimicrobial properties. In this work a biosurfactant extract obtained from a raw agroindustrial stream from the corn-milling industry was introduced into a drinkable probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei.

Results: The effect of the biosurfactant extract on the probiotic population was determined under different biosurfactant concentration, temperature, and time conditions.

Biogenic Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using a Biosurfactant Extracted from Corn and Their Antimicrobial Properties.

A new and promising biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor has been used for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) in a one-step procedure induced by temperature. Most of the biosurfactants proposed in the literature are produced by pathogenic microorganisms; whereas the biosurfactant used in the current work was extracted from a liquid stream, fermented spontaneously by lactic acid bacteria, which are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) microorganisms. The reduction of a gold precursor in the presence of a biosurfactant gives rise to a mixture of nanospheres and nanoplates with distinct optical features.

Kinetic and morphology study of alginate-vineyard pruning waste biocomposite vs. non modified vineyard pruning waste for dye removal.

In this work a comparative bioadsorption study between a biocomposite consisting of hydrolysed vineyard pruning waste entrapped in calcium alginate spheres and non entrapped vineyard residue was carried out. Results have demonstrated that the biocomposite based on lignocellulose-calcium alginate spheres removed 77.3% of dyes, while non entrapped lignocellulose eliminated only removed 27.

Sewage Sludge Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Decontamination Technique Based on the Utilization of a Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Extracted from Corn Steep Liquor.

A decontamination technique based on the utilization of a lipopeptide biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor has been developed to eliminate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sewage sludge. High concentrations of PAHs were used during experiments observing that 408.3 mg/kg of naphthalene was almost completely mobilized and biodegraded, only 1.

Optimization of extraction conditions and fatty acid characterization of Lactobacillus pentosus cell-bound biosurfactant/bioemulsifier.

Background: There is currently much interest in the use of natural biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, mainly in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. However, there are no studies on the optimization of the extraction conditions of cell-bound biosurfactants. In this work, a biosurfactant with emulsifier properties was extracted from Lactobacillus pentosus cells, under different extraction conditions, and characterized.

Evolution of organic matter during the mesophilic composting of lignocellulosic winery wastes.

Winery wastes were composted in the laboratory during five months in order to study the composting process of lignocellulosic wastes. In a first experiment, spent grape marc was composted alone, and in a second one, hydrolyzed grape marc, which is the residue generated after the acid hydrolysis of spent grape marc for biotechnological purposes, was composted together with vinification lees. During the composting of spent grape marc, total organic matter did not change, and as total N increased only slightly (from 1.

Plant tests for determining the suitability of grape marc composts as components of plant growth media.

Five grape marc composts prepared by different procedures (composting and vermicompost at several scales) were tested as potential components of plant growth media. The five composts had high organic matter content (>90%), low electric conductivity (<1 dS m(-1)) and a pH between 7 and 8. Different chemical and biochemical analyses performed indicated the higher stability of those composts submitted to a longer composting process or to a vermicomposting process (lower water soluble organic matter, respiration and dehydrogenase activity).

Study of the synergistic effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the surface-active properties of biosurfactants produced by Lactobacillus pentosus.

Many studies have investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on the surface-active properties of various surfactants, although in most cases the variables have been studied separately, without considering the effects of any interactions between them. In the present study, a Box-Behnken factorial design was applied to study the effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on the surface-active properties of a biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus pentosus. The data obtained enabled development of a second-order model describing the interrelationships between operational and experimental variables, by equations including linear, interaction, and quadratic terms.