Validation of a New Questionnaire for Assessing the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics (PIGAQ).

Aim: While the importance of gingival aesthetics is increasingly recognized, a questionnaire quantifying its psychosocial impact is still lacking. We have adapted the validated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for the gingival context. This study's aim was to develop a new Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ) and test its validity for the general population in Spain, exploring the underlying dimensions of the construct assessed.

Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits of University Students in Dentistry, Medicine and Pharmacy Degrees.

Background: This study aimed to characterize dentistry, medicine and pharmacy students in terms of emotional intelligence (EI) and personality traits (PTs). It also sought to identify whether differences existed according to gender and degree program and the relationship between them.

Methods: Students enrolled in dentistry (115), medicine (85) and pharmacy (57) degree programs participated voluntarily in the research, including 59 men and 198 women.

Exploring Digital Gingival Shade Matching in Students.

Purpose: To study the degree of accuracy in gingival shade matching of undergraduate students using a computer application.

Materials And Methods: In total, 76 undergraduate dental students' gingival shade selection abilities were evaluated using an in-house developed computer application. A total of 15 intraoral gingival photographs and 21 pink gingival color porcelain samples were used.

Explaining the colour of natural healthy gingiva.

To examine the differences between natural gingival colour in men and women. To determine the degree of predictability of changes in the gingival colour coordinates recorded for healthy gingiva, according to age, long-term medication, frequency of toothbrushing, and smoking habits. The CIELAB colour coordinates were recorded using a spectrophotometer for 360 Caucasian adult participants (aged 18-92 years), in three zones of the healthy attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisor.

Degree of Standardisation in Ceramic Gingival Systems.

No gingival shade guide exists that can be used as a 'gold standard' in gingival shade selection. This research, therefore, aimed to determine whether comparable results in subjective gingival shade selection can be achieved using basic gingival colours produced by distinct manufacturers. It also aimed to explore how coverage of the colour space is affected by mixing these basic colours to create additional shades.

Coverage error and shade-match accuracy in three ceramic gingival systems.

Statement Of Problem: Research into the coverage error (CE) of gingival systems that have been expanded by using ceramic specimens created by mixing basic colors is lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the CEs of 3 ceramic gingival color systems that have been expanded with basic-color mixtures from a sample of 360 White participants and to classify the participants according to the accuracy of the shade match achieved with each system.

Material And Methods: L*a*b* color coordinates were recorded in 3 zones of attached gingiva for 360 White participants with healthy gingival tissue (187 men and 173 women).

Fifteen ceramic gingival samples: A proposed gingival shade guide.

Objective: (1) To put forward a set of valid pink ceramic samples for subjective gingival colour selection in the Caucasian population, and (2) to assess the quality of the shade matches provided by the selected pink samples.

Methods: The ceramic gingival shade samples (n = 133) were obtained by mixing pairs of basic colours from a single system. In each mixture, the proportions of the colours were altered in 10% increments, following the numerical order used by the manufacturers of the three colour systems under study (Heraceram, Vita VM9 and IPS Style).

Burnout syndrome in dentists: Work-related factors.

Objective: To study the sociodemographic and work-related factors that affect the level of burnout syndrome in Spanish dentists through an observational epidemiological study.

Method: An online survey answered by 1298 Spanish dentists was used to record their gender, age, work environment, number of practices in which they work, whether they work alone or not, whether they own or co-own the practice, years of experience, working hours per week, and their answers to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS). A univariate analysis was carried out to study the relationship between the work-related and sociodemographic factors examined for each of the three dimensions of burnout: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalisation (DP) and Personal Accomplishment (PA).

Chromatic Compatibility of Two Gingival Shade Guides with Human Keratinized Gingiva.

Purpose: To measure the validity and reliability of two gingival shade guides to represent in vivo gingival color using a Caucasian population sample.

Materials And Methods: CIELab color space was used to study three gingival reference areas (the free gingival margin, the keratinized gingival body, and the upper part of the keratinized gingiva) in a sample of 259 Caucasian individuals. The color coordinates on the HeraCeram and on the IPS d.

Dental student, dentist, dental assistant, and layperson perception of pink gingival porcelain color.

Statement Of Problem: How pink gingival porcelain color is perceived by participants classified according to profession and sex is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the degree of correlation between the ordering of color tabs by participants classified according to profession, years of dental work experience, and sex and the ideal chromatic order based on the color coordinate L∗ (lightness).

Material And Methods: Twenty-one colored specimens made of Heraceram pink gingival porcelain were used.

Colour thresholds of the gingival chromatic space.

Objective: To establish the thresholds of chromatic perception and clinical acceptability of gingival colour according to professional category and in accordance with the perceptibility/acceptability threshold of 50:50 (colour differences that can be perceived/accepted by 50 % of the observers).

Methods: A total of 21 different coloured samples made of pink gingiva Heraceram porcelain were used. Dentists (n = 54), dental assistants (n = 56), dental students (n = 126) and participants unrelated to dentistry (n = 116) were asked to identify pairs of samples that appeared identical.

Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on spectrophotometric measurements.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample.

Materials And Methods: The L, C, h, a and b coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs.

Clinical study on natural gingival color.

The aims of the study were: to describe the gingival color surrounding the upper incisors in three sites in the keratinized gingiva, analyzing the effect of possible factors which modulate (socio-demographic and behavioral) intersubject variability; to study whether the gingiva color is the same in all three locations and to describe intrasubject color differences in the keratinized gingiva band. Using the CIELAB color system, three reference areas (free gingival margin, keratinized gingival body, and birth or upper part of the keratinized gingiva) were studied in 259 individuals, as well as the related socio-demographic factors, oral habits and the chronic intake of medication. Shadepilot™ spectrophotometer was used.

Comparison of two color-difference formulas using the Bland-Altman approach based on gingiva color space.

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between the results provided by the classical CIELab (ΔE*) and the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formulas and the gingival color space using the Bland and Altman limits of agreement, to use this relationship to establish the equivalences between the gingival color thresholds of perceptibility of both formulas, and to evaluate whether the relationship between ΔE* and ΔE00 is modified depending on the axis in which the changes occur. The means of the L*, a*, and b* coordinates of the 21 gingiva porcelain samples (Heraceram, Heraeus Kulzer Mitsui Chemical Groups) were used and the differences in color were calculated in 210 pairs of samples using the CIELab (ΔE*ab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color-difference formulas. The results obtained with these formulas were compared and the limits of agreement after a logarithmic transformation of the data were obtained.

Comparison of two color-difference formulas using the Bland-Altman approach based on natural tooth color space.

Statement Of Problem: Several formulas to measure color differences have been proposed to improve the correlation between color measurements and visual perception. Despite the progress obtained, equating between formulas is complex, rendering the exchange of information in scientific papers difficult.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the results provided by classic CIELab (ΔEab∗) and the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formulas in the natural tooth color space using the Bland and Altman limits of agreement, to use this relationship to establish the equivalences between the tooth color thresholds of acceptability and perceptibility of both formulas, and to evaluate whether the relationship between ΔEab∗ and ΔE00 is modified depending on the axis on which the changes occur.

Comparison of the CIELab and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas.

Statement Of Problem: Many color specification systems and color differences have been proposed to improve the correlation between color measurement and visual perception. Although color differences can be quantified using either the CIELab formula (ΔE*(ab)) or the recently introduced CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE00), which captures the perceived color difference better is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas to determine which best reflects the difference in color perception and whether color perception differs by sex.