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From badge of pride to cause of stigma: combatting mal del pinto in Mexico.

Mal del pinto is a dermatological disease characterized by discoloured patches of skin on the face and body. It has been present in what is now the territory of Mexico from before the Spanish conquest up to recent times. Though early concerns for mal del pinto as a public health problem can be traced back to the late 19th century, no campaign to combat the disease was undertaken until the second half of the 20th.

[The flu far and near: comparing the 1918 and 2009 pandemics].

In this debate, Latin American historians compare the 1918-1919 flu pandemic with the one sweeping the continent in 2009, focusing especially on the experiences in Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. They analyze the strategies adopted on both occasions, above all isolation measures, port and airport surveillance, and urban interventions. Comparisons are drawn between the actions of federal and local governments, positions taken by doctors and the media, and people's behavior, particularly regarding fear and death.

Neighbours on notice: national and imperialist interests in the American Public Health Association, 1872-1921.

Since its founding in 1872, the American Public Health Association (APHA) has devoted its energies to influencing the US's federal, state, and local governments to support public health. But within a few years of its establishment, the APHA expanded its interests beyond US borders; Canada joined the organization in 1884, and Mexico and Cuba became members in 1892 and 1902, respectively. The organization acknowledged a name change to reflect its new membership--the American, Canadian, Mexican and Cuban Public Health Association.

[Public health and power in Mexico during Cardenism: 1934-1940].

Historians have identified three stages in the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940): consolidation of the power of Cárdenas; a nationalist and reformist policy (including agrarian reform and nationalisation of the railway system and oil industry); and withdrawal of the reforms due to the reaction of conservative sectors and imperialist countries. This article attempts to reveal the impact of each stage on the Mexican public health system and to demonstrate that the first systematic attempt to establish permanent rural health units was developed during this period.

[Economics, politics, and public health in Porfirian Mexico (1876-1910)].

The article examines the scientific, political, and economic elements that permitted the birth of modern public health in Mexico under the Porfirio Díaz administration (1876-1910). Firstly, a portion of Mexican physicians were open to the discoveries of microbiology, immunology, and epidemiology. Secondly, the State's growing concentration of power in public health matters ran parallel to its concentration of disciplinary political power and enabled this new knowledge to be placed at the service of collective health problem prevention.

[Physicians in 19th century Mexico: between State control and professional autonomy].

This article analyses the struggles of 19th century Mexican physicians to gain professional autonomy versus the state. Medical practitioners sought to resist the imposition of a series of state measures, including directives to attend all patients and provide free care to the poor, forced adherence to political ideologies, state control of medical education, penal action in cases of professional liability, violation of medical confidentiality, and challenges to professional freedom. The article shows the reach of political power over medical practice in the 19th century, and explains the range and limits of the power of the medical profession.