[Critical deficiencies of energy and protein with a high provision of non-nutritional calories after one week in an intensive care unit].

Introduction: nutritional therapy is essential for the treatment of critically ill patients, although its right application fails frequently, which increases the risk for undernutrition and complications. Objective: to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of patients with enteral nutritional support in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: a cohort study was conducted including adults admitted to the ICU with enteral support and stay ≥ 7 days.

Immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12: Integrative Analysis of miRNA Expression and TLR2 Pathway-Related Target Proteins in Swine Monocytes.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 is a widely used probiotic that provides numerous health benefits to its host, many due to its immunomodulatory properties. Although the precise mechanism of modulation is still under investigation, several reports associate the interaction of TLR2 with components of the bacterial cell wall inducing a signaling cascade that culminates with the production of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules.

Microbiome-MX 2018: microbiota and microbiome opportunities in Mexico, a megadiverse country.

A weekly conference series paired with lectures entitled "Microbiome-MX: exploring the Microbiota and Microbiome Research in Mexico" was organized to provide a multidisciplinary overview of the most recent research done in Mexico using high-throughput sequencing. Scientists and postgraduate students from several disciplines such as microbiology, bioinformatics, virology, immunology, nutrition, and medical genomics gathered to discuss state of the art in each of their respective subjects of expertise, as well as advances, applications and new opportunities on microbiota/microbiome research. In particular, high-throughput sequencing is a crucial tool to understand the challenges of a megadiverse developing country as Mexico, and moreover to know the scientific capital and capabilities available for collaboration.

Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Entamoeba histolytica in schoolchildren from northwest Mexico.

Introduction: Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii are morphologically identical, but intestinal amebiasis is caused only by E.

A population-wide applicable HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping using DNA from dried blood spots and duplex allele-specific qPCR amplification.

Genotyping of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes is important for diagnosis or for screening of early risk detection of celiac disease or type 1 diabetes. Usually, venous blood DNA extraction and expensive and time consuming amplification are used, that hinder population-wide studies. We assayed a friendly HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping procedure using a combination of DNA from dried blood spot (DBS) and duplex allele-specific qPCR amplification using SYBR Green.

Perinatal factors and type 1 diabetes-associated dysbiosis in Mexican infants.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently an autoimmune disease occurring more frequently and early in life. T1D development requires genetic predisposition and environmental factors, which influence the gut microbiota in early infancy and could increase the risk for T1D-associated autoimmunity. In Mexico there are no published microbiota studies in children <6 years old with T1D.

Transamidation of gluten proteins during the bread-making process of wheat flour to produce breads with less immunoreactive gluten.

Due to an increasing incidence of celiac disease (CD) and other gluten-related disorders, different gluten-free breads have been developed using starches and additives as a substitute for gluten. Thus, patients miss not only the taste and aroma of wheat bread but also risk their sensitive intestines. Therefore, modifying gluten to avoid an immune response in CD and its application to baking is in progress.

Development and evaluation of a nutritionally enhanced multigrain tortilla snack.

An increased consumption of healthy foods to reduce chronic diseases risks is needed. We developed and evaluated a multigrain snack as a nutritive alternative to the highly consumed corn tortilla chips. Corn, wheat, and chickpea grains were boiled in 1% calcium oxide solution, steeped, washed, and ground before being mixed with soy protein isolate and oat flour to prepare the multigrain masa.

Fecal microbiota imbalance in Mexican children with type 1 diabetes.

Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota affecting the gut barrier could be triggering Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood. This study compared the structure of the fecal microbiota in 29 mestizo children aged 7-18 years, including 8 T1D at onset, 13 T1D after 2 years treatment, and 8 healthy controls. Clinical information was collected, predisposing haplotypes were determined; the fecal DNA was extracted, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified and 454-pyrosequenced.

[Formulation and elaboration of low-energy and high fiber-containing brownies].

Different formulations for chocolate pastries making (brownies) were prepared by substituting 15, 20, and 25% of the wheat flour by inulin. The batter characteristics of each formulation were evaluated and the batters were baked at 175 degrees C for 15 min. After baking, the brownies were allowed to cool, put into crystal polystyrene trays, and their texture after 1, 3, 7, and 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 degrees C) and 65% of relative humidity, was evaluated.

No changes in weight and body fat in lactating adolescent and adult women from Mexico.

Objective: To evaluate changes in weight and body fat of Mexican adolescent compared to those of adult lactating women from the Northwest (NM) and Central (CM) regions of Mexico in the first trimester postpartum.

Methods: A prospective design was used to evaluate 41 exclusively breastfeeding women (21 adolescents and 20 adults) recruited 1-2 days after delivering a healthy singleton at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (Northwest Mexico) and Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in Mexico City. Socioeconomic status, height, body weight and composition, dietary intake, physical activity, and milk volume (quantified by deuterium dilution method) were measured at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum.

Gluten-free breads and cookies of raw and popped amaranth flours with attractive technological and nutritional qualities.

Gluten-free bakery foodstuffs are a challenge for technologists and nutritionists since alternative ingredients used in their formulations have poor functional and nutritional properties. Therefore, gluten-free bread and cookies using raw and popped amaranth, a grain with high quality nutrients and promising functional properties, were formulated looking for the best combinations. The best formulation for bread included 60-70% popped amaranth flour and 30-40% raw amaranth flour which produced loaves with homogeneous crumb and higher specific volume (3.

Bovine milk intolerance in celiac disease is related to IgA reactivity to alpha- and beta-caseins.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered mainly by ingestion of wheat gluten proteins. However, some other dietary proteins, such as those of cow's milk, induce celiac disease-like symptoms in some patients with celiac disease. Different approaches have been done to detect the component responsible for this problem, including the possibility of gluten peptides present in cow's milk.

Tetany caused by chronic diarrhea in a child with celiac disease: A case report.

There is no awareness about celiac disease (CD) in Mexico. A 2.9 year old mestizo boy was admitted to a Mexican hospital with muscle cramps and fine tremors.

Molecular characterization of arginine kinase, an allergen from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Background: Consumption of seafood can produce allergic symptoms in susceptible individuals and crustacean allergies are the most frequently reported causes of allergic reactions.

Methods: An allergen from the muscle of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was purified by ion exchange chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides and its specific enzymatic activity. Moreover, the corresponding full-length cDNA was obtained from an L.

Caerulin-induced pancreatitis in rats: histological and genetic expression changes from acute phase to recuperation.

Aim: To study the histological and pancreatitis-associated protein mRNA accumulation changes of pancreas from acute phase of caerulin-induced pancreatitis to recuperation in rats.

Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by caerulein in male Wistar rats and followed up for 90 d by histological and mRNA analyses of pancreas. Pancreases were dissected at 0, 9, 24 h and 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 d post-induction.

Recombinant bacterial expression of the lysozyme from the tobacco-hornworm Manduca sexta with activity at low temperatures.

A gene coding for lysozyme from the insect Manduca sexta (Ms-lyz) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was produced as an insoluble cytoplasmic inclusion body which was denatured in 8 M: guanidine-HCl, renatured and purified by affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. The N-terminal sequence and the activity of the recombinant protein against Micrococcus luteus confirmed that correct expression had occurred.

Allergenicity, trypsin inhibitor activity and nutritive quality of enzymatically modified soy proteins.

Two ultrafiltered soy flour protein fractions were evaluated; the first was obtained by hydrolysis (0.5-3 kDa, F(0.5-3)), and the second was an enzymatically methionine-enriched fraction (1-10 kDa, F(1-10)E).

Nutritional and technological evaluation of an enzymatically methionine-enriched soy protein for infant enteral formulas.

Enzymatically modified soy proteins have the amino acid profile and functional properties required for dietary support. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and technological properties of an enzymatically modified soy protein ultrafiltered fraction with bound methionine (F(1-10)E) to be used as a protein ingredient for infant enteral formulas. F(1-10)E was chemically characterized and biologically evaluated.

Body composition in Mexican adults by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) with the BOD-POD and deuterium oxide dilution using infrared spectroscopy (IRS-DOD).

Thirty four subjects (13 men and 21 women), 24 to 70 years old from northern Mexico, were measured for body density by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) with the BOD-POD, and for total body water by deuterium oxide dilution and infrared spectroscopy (IRS-DOD). Subjects were given a 30 g dose of deuterium oxide. Saliva samples were filtered, sublimated, and deuterium was measured using a Miran 1 FF, IRS.

Measurement of deuterium oxide by infrared spectroscopy and isotope ratio mass spectrometry for quantifying daily milk intake in breastfed infants and maternal body fat.

Measurements of deuterium oxide concentrations (DOC) in saliva by infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were compared for the calculation of infants' milk intake and maternal body fat. Deuterium oxide (30 g) was given to the mother. DOC by IRS and IRMS were 340 +/- 209 and 345 +/- 202 ppm.