Competitive Immunoassay in a Microfluidic Biochip for In-Field Detection of Abscisic Acid in Grapes.

Viticulture and associated products are an important part of the economy in many countries. However, biotic and abiotic stresses impact negatively the production of grapes and wine. Climate change is in many aspects increasing both these stresses.

Network of GRAS transcription factors in plant development, fruit ripening and stress responses.

The plant-specific family of GRAS transcription factors has been wide implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with a diversity of biological functions ranging from plant development processes to stress responses. Functional analyses of GRAS transcription factors supported by o structural and comparative analyses are emerging and clarifying the regulatory networks associated with their biological roles. In this review, a detailed analysis of GRAS proteins' structure and biochemical features as revealed by recent discoveries indicated how these characteristics may impact subcellular location, molecular mechanisms, and function.

Virulence-related metabolism is activated in mostly in the interaction with tolerant green grapes that remain largely unaffected in contrast with susceptible green grapes.

is responsible for the gray mold disease, severely affecting grapevine and hundreds of other economically important crops. However, many mechanisms of this fruit-pathogen interaction remain unknown. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of green fruits infected with from susceptible and tolerant genotypes was never performed in any fleshy fruit, mostly because green fruits are widely accepted to be resistant to this fungus.

The road to molecular identification and detection of fungal grapevine trunk diseases.

Grapevine is regarded as a highly profitable culture, being well spread worldwide and mostly directed to the wine-producing industry. Practices to maintain the vineyard in healthy conditions are tenuous and are exacerbated due to abiotic and biotic stresses, where fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) play a major role. The abolishment of chemical treatments and the intensification of several management practices led to an uprise in GTD outbreaks.

Volatile Metabolism of Wine Grape Trincadeira: Impact of Infection with .

The aroma of grapes is cultivar dependent and is influenced by , vineyard practices, and abiotic and biotic stresses. Trincadeira is a non-aromatic variety associated with low phenolic content and high sugar and organic acid levels. This cultivar, widely used in Portuguese wines, presents high susceptibility to .

Transcriptional, hormonal, and metabolic changes in susceptible grape berries under powdery mildew infection.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries are extremely sensitive to infection by the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphe necator, causing powdery mildew disease with deleterious effects on grape and wine quality. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome associated with this common fungal infection has not been previously carried out in any fruit. In order to identify the molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms associated with infection, healthy and naturally infected V.

Plant SWEETs: from sugar transport to plant-pathogen interaction and more unexpected physiological roles.

Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed nutrient filling, among other less expected functions. They mediate low affinity and high capacity transport, and in angiosperms this family is composed by 20 paralogs on average. As SWEETs facilitate the efflux of sugars, they are highly susceptible to hijacking by pathogens, making them central players in plant-pathogen interaction.

Microfluidic device for multiplexed detection of fungal infection biomarkers in grape cultivars.

Early diagnosis of fungal infections, which have seen an increase due to different environmental factors, is essential to an appropriate treatment of the plant by avoiding proliferation of the pathogen without excessive fungicide applications. In this work, we propose a microfluidic based approach to a multiplexed, point-of-need detection system capable of identifying infected grape cultivars. The system relies on the simultaneous detection of three plant hormones: salicylic, azelaic and jasmonic acids with a total assay time under 7 minutes, with LODs of 15 μM, 10 μM and 4.

VvERD6l13 is a grapevine sucrose transporter highly up-regulated in response to infection by Botrytis cinerea and Erysiphe necator.

The Early-Response to Dehydration six-like (ERD6l) is one of the largest families of sugar transporters in plants, however, is also one of the less studied with very few members characterized. In this work, we identified 18 members of the grapevine ERD6l family, analyzed their promoters and putative topology and additionally functionally characterized the member VvERD6l13. VvERD6l13 was strongly up-regulated in grape berries infected with Botrytis cinerea and Erysiphe necator in cv.

VvSWEET7 Is a Mono- and Disaccharide Transporter Up-Regulated in Response to Infection in Grape Berries.

The newly-identified SWEETs are high-capacity, low-affinity sugar transporters with important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical. SWEETs are desirable targets for manipulation by pathogens and their expression may be transcriptionally reprogrammed during infection. So far, few plant SWEET transporters have been functionally characterized, especially in grapevine.

Evolutionary insights into FYVE and PHOX effector proteins from the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Genome-wide identification, together with gene expression patterns and promoter region analysis of FYVE and PHOX proteins in Physcomitrella patens, emphasized their importance in regulating mainly developmental processes in P. patens. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is a signaling phospholipid, which regulates several aspects of plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Transcriptional Modulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Fruit Species Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress.

Polyamines are growth regulators that have been widely implicated in abiotic and biotic stresses. They are also associated with fruit set, ripening, and regulation of fruit quality-related traits. Modulation of their content confers fruit resilience, with polyamine application generally inhibiting postharvest decay.

Microfluidic device for the point of need detection of a pathogen infection biomarker in grapes.

Bacterial, fungal and viral infections in plant systems are on the rise, most of which tend to spread quickly amongst crops. These pathogens are also gaining resistance to known treatments, which makes their early detection a priority to avoid extensive loss of crops and the spreading of disease to animal systems. In this work, we propose a microfluidic platform coupled with integrated thin-film silicon photosensors for the detection of pathogen infections in grapes.

The study of hormonal metabolism of Trincadeira and Syrah cultivars indicates new roles of salicylic acid, jasmonates, ABA and IAA during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea.

Hormones play an important role in fruit ripening and in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, analyses of hormonal profiling during plant development and defense are scarce. In this work, changes in hormonal metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were compared between a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea.

Characterization of the cork formation and production transcriptome in × hybrids.

Cork oak is the main cork-producing species worldwide, and plays a significant economic, ecological and social role in the Mediterranean countries, in particular in Portugal and Spain. The ability to produce cork is limited to a few species, hence it must involve specific regulation mechanisms that are unique to these species. However, to date, these mechanisms remain largely understudied, especially with approaches involving the use of high-throughput sequencing technology.

The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain gene family in grapevine: genome-wide characterization and expression analyses during developmental processes and stress responses.

LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) DOMAIN (LBD) constitute a family of plant-specific transcription factors with key roles in the regulation of plant organ development, pollen development, plant regeneration, pathogen response, and anthocyanin and nitrogen metabolisms. However, the role of LBDs in fruit ripening and in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) development and stress responses is poorly documented.

Polyamine Metabolism in Climacteric and Non-Climacteric Fruit Ripening.

Polyamines are small aliphatic amines that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These growth regulators have been implicated in abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant development and morphogenesis. Several studies have also suggested a key role of polyamines during fruit set and early development.

Procedures for ADC Immunoblotting and Immunolocalization for Transmission Electron Microscopy During Organogenic Nodule Formation in Hop.

Immunolocalization for transmission electron microscopy is a powerful technique to identify subcellular localization of proteins. This can be combined with molecular and physiological data in order to have a complete overview of protein function. However, optimal sample preservation is required to avoid artefacts.

Transcriptional profiling of cork oak phellogenic cells isolated by laser microdissection.

The phenylpropanoid pathway impacts the cork quality development. In cork of bad quality, the flavonoid route is favored, whereas in good quality, cork lignin and suberin production prevails. Cork oaks develop a thick cork tissue as a protective shield that results of the continuous activity of a secondary meristem, the cork cambium, or phellogen.

Complex Interplay of Hormonal Signals during Grape Berry Ripening.

Grape and wine production and quality is extremely dependent on the fruit ripening process. Sensory and nutritional characteristics are important aspects for consumers and their development during fruit ripening involves complex hormonal control. In this review, we explored data already published on grape ripening and compared it with the hormonal regulation of ripening of other climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.

Transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming in Vitis vinifera cv. Trincadeira berries upon infection with Botrytis cinerea.

Vitis vinifera berries are sensitive towards infection by the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, leading to important economic losses worldwide. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome associated with fungal infection has not been performed previously in grapes or in another fleshy fruit. In an attempt to identify the molecular and metabolic mechanisms associated with the infection, peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field.