Women's Use of Intimate Partner Aggression: Associations With Sexist Experiences.

Identity-based discrimination experiences have been associated with intimate partner aggression (IPA) use, yet very little research has examined sexist discrimination. This study explored whether women's experiences of sexist discrimination are associated with their IPA use. Participants were 626 predominantly white, cisgender, heterosexual women who completed self-report measures online.

Plasma neurofilament light and brain volumetric outcomes among middle-aged urban adults.

Elevated plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is associated with dementia though underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We examined cross-sectional relationships of time-dependent plasma NfL with selected brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) prognostic markers of dementia. The sample was drawn from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, selecting participants with complete v (2004-2009) and v (2009-2013) plasma NfL exposure and ancillary sMRI data at v (2011-2015, n = 179, mean v to v time: 5.

Race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information source and breastfeeding rates among U.S. women.

Background: Despite evidence of the impact of breastfeeding information on breastfeeding rates, it is unknown if information sources and impact vary by race/ethnicity, thus this study assessed race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information sources and breastfeeding.

Methods: We used data from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Race/ethnicity-stratified multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between information source (e.

Allostatic Load and Cognitive Function Among Urban Adults in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span Study.

Background: Cross-sectional studies have linked cognition to allostatic load (AL) which reflects multisystem dysregulation from life course exposure to stressors.

Objective: To examine baseline and changes in AL and their relationships with 11 cognitive function test scores, while exploring health disparities according to sex and race.

Methods: Longitudinal [Visit 1 (2004-2009) and Visit 2 (2009-2013)] data were analyzed from 2,223 Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span participants.

Longitudinal association of allostatic load with depressive symptoms among urban adults: Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study.

Background: Evidence suggests that lifetime exposure to stressful life events and chronic stressors may be linked to geriatric depression. Allostatic load (AL) is considered a mediator of the stress-health relationship and has been linked to psychosocial factors reflecting health disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of AL with depressive symptoms scores among urban adults, before and after stratifying by sex and race.

Plasma neurofilament light as blood marker for poor brain white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults.

Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL)'s link to dementia may be mediated through white matter integrity (WMI). In this study, we examined plasma NfL's relationships with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging markers: global and cortical white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and trace (TR). Plasma NfL measurements at 2 times (v: 2004-2009 and v: 2009-2013) and ancillary dMRI (v: 2011-2015) were considered (n = 163, mean time v to v = 5.

Perceived general, mental, and physical health of Latinos in the United States following adoption of immigrant-inclusive state-level driver's license policies: a time-series analysis.

Background: In the United States (U.S.), several states have laws that allow individuals to obtain driver's licenses regardless of their immigration status.

Epigenetic clocks and their association with trajectories in perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among US middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Perceived discrimination may be associated with accelerated aging later in life, with depressive symptoms acting as potential mediator.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of older adults was used [Health and Retirement Study 2010-2016, Age: 50-100 y in 2016, = 2,806, 55.6% female, 82.

A Bayesian Network model to identify suitable areas for offshore wave energy farms, in the framework of ecosystem approach to marine spatial planning.

The production of energy from waves is gaining attention. In its expansion strategy, technical, environmental and socioeconomic aspects should be taken into account to identify suitable areas for development of wave energy projects. In this research we provide a novel approach for suitable site identification for wave energy farms.

Racial discrimination, mental health symptoms, and intimate partner violence perpetration in Black adults.

Objective: This study had three goals: (a) to examine the association between racial discrimination and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration; (b) to determine whether this relationship is explained by mental health (MH) symptoms; and (c) to determine whether these associations vary by poverty status or gender.

Methods: During the Wave 4 (2013-2017) visit of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Longitudinal Study (HANDLS), Black adults who were in a relationship ( = 433; mean age = 55.26, = 9.

COVID-19-Related Discrimination Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Other Marginalized Communities in the United States.

To determine the prevalence of COVID-19-related discrimination among major US racial/ethnic groups and estimate associations between discrimination, race/ethnicity, and other sociodemographic characteristics. We conducted a nationally representative online survey of 5500 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Latino (English and Spanish speaking), White, and multiracial adults from December 2020 to February 2021. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related discrimination were estimated via multinomial logistic regression.

Racial/ethnic disparities in intent to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine: A nationally representative United States survey.

Black, Latino, Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native adults are more likely than White adults to experience SARS-CoV-2-related infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. We assessed intent to be vaccinated and concerns among 7 U.S.

BMI and Allostatic Load Are Directly Associated with Longitudinal Increase in Plasma Neurofilament Light among Urban Middle-Aged Adults.

Background: Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel biomarker for age-related neurodegenerative disease. We tested whether NfL may be linked to cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI, the allostatic load (AL) total score (ALtotal), and related AL continuous components (ALcomp). We also tested whether these relations may differ by sex or by race.

Associations between race, APOE genotype, cognition, and mortality among urban middle-aged white and African American adults.

We examined associations between cognition and mortality and how these relationships vary by race and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, in a longitudinal study of 2346 middle-aged White and African American adults (30-64 years at baseline) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span cohort study. Baseline cognition spanned global mental status, and several domains obtained using principal components analysis (PCA; PCA1: verbal memory/fluency; PCA2: attention/working memory; PCA3: executive function/visuo-spatial abilities). Cox regression models evaluated associations between cognition and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-mortality.

Plasma neurofilament light as a potential biomarker for cognitive decline in a longitudinal study of middle-aged urban adults.

Plasma neurofilament light (NfL) is a marker for neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies have examined the association of NfL with middle-aged changes in cognitive performance, and no studies have examined differential NfL effects by race. Using data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (n = 625, Agev1: 30-66 y, 41.

fMRI lag structure during waking up from early sleep stages.

The brain mechanisms by which we transition from sleep to a conscious state remain largely unknown in humans, partly because of methodological challenges. Here we study a pre-existing dataset of waking up participants originally designed for a study of dreaming (Horikawa, Tamaki, Miyawaki, & Kamitani, 2013) and suggest that suddenly awakening from early sleep stages results from a two-stage process that involves a sequence of cortical and subcortical brain activity. First, subcortical and sensorimotor structures seem to be recruited before most cortical regions, followed by fast, ignition-like whole-brain activation-with frontal regions engaging a little after the rest of the brain.

Race, APOE genotypes, and cognitive decline among middle-aged urban adults.

Background: Associations of Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε2 or ε4 (APOE2 or APOE4) dosages with cognitive change may differ across racial groups.

Methods: Longitudinal data on 1770 middle-aged White and African American adults was compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS 2004-2013) study. APOE2 and APOE4 dosages were the two main exposures, while v and annual rate of change in cognitive performance (between v and v) on 11 test scores were the main outcomes of interest (v1: 2004-2009 and v2: 2009-2013).

SARS-CoV-2 Positivity and Mask Utilization Among Health Care Workers.

This cohort study examines the association of mask use with COVID-19 transmission among health care workers in California.

Red cell distribution width, anemia and their associations with white matter integrity among middle-aged urban adults.

Anemia (blood hemoglobin [Hb] <13 g/dL among males; <12 g/dL among females) and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) are potential risk factors for reduced brain white matter integrity (WMI), reflected by lower fractional anisotropy or increased mean diffusivity. Cross-sectional data with exposure-outcome lag time was used, whereby hematological exposures (RDW and Hb) and covariates were compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with available visit 1 (v; 2004-2009) and/or v (2009-2013) data; while diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) outcome data were collected at HANDLS SCAN visit (v: 2011-2015, n = 214, mean follow-up from v ±SD: 5.6 ± 1.

Red Cell Distribution Width, Anemia, and Brain Volumetric Outcomes Among Middle-Aged Adults.

Background: Anemia and red cell distribution width (RDW) have been linked to poor cognitive performance, pending studies of underlying mechanisms.

Objective: We examined cross-sectional relationships of initial RDW status (v1), RDW change (δ), and anemia with brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) markers, including global and cortical brain and hippocampal and white matter lesion (WML) volumes, 5-6 years later.

Methods: Data were used from three prospective visits within the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with complete v1 (2004-2009) and v2 (2009-2013) exposures and ancillary sMRI data at vscan (2011-2015, n = 213, mean v1 to vscan time: 5.

Analyzing Uncertainty in Complex Socio-Ecological Networks.

Socio-ecological systems are recognized as complex adaptive systems whose multiple interactions might change as a response to external or internal changes. Due to its complexity, the behavior of the system is often uncertain. Bayesian networks provide a sound approach for handling complex domains endowed with uncertainty.

Association of Antioxidant Vitamins A, C, E and Carotenoids with Cognitive Performance over Time: A Cohort Study of Middle-Aged Adults.

Carotenoids may strengthen the association of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E with favorable cognitive outcomes over time, though a few prospective studies have examined this hypothesis. We evaluated the longitudinal data from 1251 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (Age at visit 1 in 2004-2009 (v): 30-65 years). Vitamins A, C, and E dietary intakes and total and individual dietary carotenoids were computed using two 24-h recalls at v.

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Latino Men: The Mediating Effects of Mental Health.

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem that disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. This study examines risk factors for IPV perpetration that are salient for racial/ethnic minorities; specifically, we test if racial/ethnic discrimination among Latino men is associated with IPV perpetration, if poor mental health (MH) mediates this link, and whether relationships differ by immigrant status.

Psychometric Properties and Factor Analysis of a Short Form of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse.

The 28-item Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA) assesses four common forms of emotional abuse in intimate relationships and has been used extensively to study the development of intimate partner violence (IPV), the consequences of emotional abuse, and the outcomes of IPV interventions. The current study provides psychometric analyses of a shortened version of the MMEA using self-report data from a sample of men receiving treatment at a community-based relationship violence intervention program (RVIP; = 467) and reports from their relationship partners ( = 252), and data from a sample of undergraduate students ( = 194) who reported on their own and their partners' abusive behavior. Theoretical and statistical considerations, including internal consistency after item deletion, were used to select items for the shortened version.

Association between coal and firewood combustion and hospital admissions and mortality in Chile 2015 - An ecological approach.

Introduction And Objective: Burning coal and firewood generates toxic emissions that are associated with respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease, and even death. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between county-level prevalence of household coal and firewood use and health outcomes, including total, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, as well as total and respiratory hospitalization rates.

Material And Methods: The ecological study included data on the use of household coal and firewood in 139 counties obtained from the 2015 Chilean National Socio-economic Characterization Survey.